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Day: February 15, 2021

Industri Vape dan Lapangan Kerja di Indonesia

Industri rokok elektronik, atau yang dikenal dengan nama vape, merupakan salah satu industri yang kini terus berkembang di berbagai negara di dunia, termasuk juga di Indonesia. Bagi kita yang tinggal di wilayah urban di kota-kota besar misalnya, dengan mudah kita bisa menemukan berbagai orang yang menggunakan rokok elektronik, khususnya mereka yang berasal dari kalangan muda.

Konsumen vape di Indonesia sendiri bukan dalam jumlah yang sedikit. Pada tahun 2020 lalu misalnya, berdasarkan daya dari Asosiasi Vaper Indonesia (AVI), setidaknya ada 2 juta masyarakat Indonesia yang secara aktif mengkonsumsi rokok elektronik (rm.id, 24/4/2020).
Meningkatnya pengguanan vape di Indonesia sendiri bisa kita lihat disebabkan oleh berbagai hal. Tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa, rokok elektronik menyediakan berbagai fitur yang tidak disediakan oleh berbagai produk rokok konvensional. Salah satunya adalah, rasa yang sangat variatif, seperti rasa buah-buahan, yang jarang atau bahkan mustahil bisa kita dapatkan di produk-produk rokok konvensional yang dibakar. Hal ini tentu membuat vape memiliki daya tarik tersendiri, terutama bagi kalangan muda yang tinggal di perkotaan.

Namun, tidak semua orang menyambut baik adanya fenomena tersebut. Berbagai kalangan di Indonesia mengadvokasi dan mendukung agar seluruh produk vape di Indonesia dapat dilarang secara penuh.

Organisasi dokter di Indonesia, Ikatan Dokter Indonesia (IDI) misalnya, mengadvokasi dan menuntut pemerintah agar segera melarang seluruh produk rokok elektronik. IDI beralasan bahwa rokok elektronik dianggap sebagai produk yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan, dan tidak jauh berbeda dari rokok konvensional yang dibakar (CNN Indonesia, 24/9/2019).

Meskipun demikian, penelitian oleh lembaga kesehatan dari berbagai negara di dunia justru menunjukkan hasil yang sebaliknya. Pada tahun 2015 lalu misalnya, lembaga kesehatan publik asal Inggris, Public Health England (PHE), mengeluarkan laporan yang menyatakan bahwa rokok elektronik merupakan produk yang jauh lebih aman bila dibandingkan dengan rokok konvensional yang dibakar, yakni hingga 95% lebih aman (gov.uk, 19/8/2015).

Hal ini tentu merupakan sesuatu yang sangat positif. Bila semakin banyak para konsumen rokok yang dapat beralih dan berpindah ke produk-produk rokok elektronik yang terbukti jauh lebih aman dibandingkan dengan rokok konvensional, maka tentu akan lebih sedikit orang-orang yang terkena penyakit kronis, dan biaya kesehatan juga menjadi dapat ditekan dan menurun.

Untuk itu, kebijakan pelarangan vape, seperti yang diadvokasi oleh IDI dan berbagai lembaga lainnya, adalah kebijakan yang tidak tepat dan justru akan membawa banyak kerugian. Dengan demikian, para perokok di Indonesia akan semakin sulit untuk mencari produk pengganti yang terbukti jauh lebih aman, yang tentunya dapat semakin membahayakan kesehatan mereka. Belum lagi, pelarangan tersebut tidak mustahil akan memunculkan berbagai produk-produk ilegal yang justru sangat berbahaya bagi konsumen.

Selain itu, yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah, industri vape di negeri kita sendiri sudah menyumbangkan banyak lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Berdasarkan data dari Asosiasi Personal Vaporizer Indonesia (APVI) misalnya, pada tahun 2020 lalu, setidaknya ada 50.000 orang yang secara langsung bekerja di industri rokok elektronik di Indonesia (vapemagz.co.id, 6/6/2020).

Angka ini, berdasarkan data APVI, belum termasuk tenaga kerja yang bekerja di berbagai toko retail rokok elektronik di seluruh Indonesia. APVI memperkirakan, bahwa setidaknya ada 3.500 toko retail rokok elektronik yang tersebar di seluruh nusantara. 2.300 diantara toko tersebut setidaknya tersebar di pulau Jawa, semntara sisanya tersebar di berbagai pulau lainnya, seperti Kalimanta, Sumatera, Bali, dan Sulawesi (vapemagz.co.id, 6/6/2020).

Hal ini tentu merupakan perkembangan yang pesat, mengingat industri vape merupakan industri yang tergolong baru berkembang di Indonesia. Industri rokok elektronik di Indonesia sendiri baru berkembang setidaknya sejak 4 tahun terakhir, atau sejak tahun 2017. Pada tahun 2017 misalnya, pengguna vape di Indonesia berjumlah 900.000 pengguna. Angka tersebut meningkat menjadi 1,2 juta pengguna pada tahun 2019, dan 2,2 juta pengguna pada tahun 2020 (vapemagz.co.id, 6/6/2020).

Hal tersebut tentunya menunjukkan peningkatan yang cukup pesat. Bisa dipastikan, di tahun-tahun setelahnya, industri vape atau rokok elektronik di Indonesia akan terus meningkat, yang pastinya akan semakin meningkatkan lapangan kerja. Dengan demikian, kebijakan pelarangan vape di Indonesia tentu bukan saja merupakan kebijakan yang dapat membahayakan konsumen, namun juga akan menutup lapangan kerja banyak orang, serta akan menutup pintu pembukaan lapangan kerja lain, yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh banyak masyarakat di Indonesia.

Semakin meningkatnya penggunaan vape atau rokok elektronik ini juga telah menyumbang pendapatan cukai yang tinggi bagi pemerintah. Pada tahun 2019 saja misalnya, industri rokok elektronik telah menyumbangkan setidaknya 427 miliar rupiah. Angka ini tentu merupakan jumlah yang sangat besar, dan bisa digunakan oleh pemerintah untuk membiayai berbagai program-program publik (vapemagz.co.id, 6/6/2020).

Sebagai penutup, industri vape telah menyumbang banyak tenaga kerja dan juga pendapatan cukai yang tidak sedikit bagi pemerintah dan negara Indonesia. Belum lagi, produk rokok elektronik merupakan produk sudah terbukti jauh lebih aman bila dibandingkan dengan rokok konvensional yang dibakar tentu merupakan hal yang sangat positif. Dengan demikian, kebijakan pelarangan vape sebagaimana yang diadvokasi oleh berbagai pihak tentu merupakan hal yang tidak tepat, karena bukan hanya akan semakin membahayakan kesehatan publik, namun juga akan mengurangi pendapatan negara, dan menghilangkan lapangan kerja bagi banyak orang.

Originally published here.

Biden’s Bold Climate Plan Shouldn’t Ban Plastics

As expected, the Biden administration was just a few days old and had already exercised the power of the pen. On day one, President Biden issued 17 executive actions on issues ranging from COVID19 relief to immigration reform. Chief among those were actions on climate policy, set to be a cornerstone of the Biden agenda.

All in one day, President Biden recommitted the U.S. to the Paris Climate Accord and revoked permits for the Keystone XL pipeline project, slated to have its fourth phase completed to transport oil from Alberta, Canada to Steele City Nebraska at a rate of 500,000 barrels of oil a day for 20 years.

Climate activists applauded the president’s first actions, but they’re pushing for more. For its part, the activist group Greenpeace wants Biden to declare total war on plastic, supporting bills such as the “Break Free From Plastic Pollution Act.” Not to be outdone, the Los Angeles Times editorial board has urged restrictions on single-use plastics in all future climate change policies. 

Congress also has added some new plastic warriors to its seating chart. Newly-minted U.S. Sen. Jon Ossoff (D-GA) campaigned on an overarching federal plastic ban, while appointed U.S. Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA) was the architect of California’s 2014 plastic bag ban. 

While there is no doubt the Biden administration will put plastics in its crosshairs, we should ask whether plastic bans are, on the whole, a net positive for the environment and climate.

If we care about the environment, much of the evidence dug up by other countries points us in the opposite direction. 

When Denmark considered a ban on single-use plastic grocery bags, its studies found they were far superior in comparison to alternatives. The Danes came to that conclusion based on 15 environmental benchmarks, including climate change, toxicity, ozone depletion, resource depletion, and ecosystem impact. They calculated paper bags would need to be reused 43 times to have the same total impact as a plastic bag. For cotton, the figures were even worse. A cotton bag has to be reused 7,000 times, while an organic version would need to be used 20,000 times to be on par with a single-use plastic bag. Consumer usage patterns clearly show that if the environment is our concern, banning plastic bags is a net negative.

Beyond bags, there is also a strong case to be made that other plastics may be environmentally advantageous when compared to alternatives. Researchers in Switzerland, looking at baby food containers, concluded using plastic over glass reduced emissions by up to 33 percent due to its lighter weight and lower transportation costs. That same metric also applies to everything from food packaging to everyday consumer goods. 

As such, restricting plastics would undoubtedly push consumers to high impact alternatives, which runs counter to the goals of sustainability and reduced waste.

This isn’t to deny the serious issue of mismanaged plastic waste. In fact, if Biden wants to take action to remove plastic waste from our environment, he should consider innovative recycling practices that are proving effective, such as chemical depolymerization. 

This is the process of advanced recycling, where plastic is broken down and repurposed into new products. There are innovative projects underway across North America led by scientists and entrepreneurs, taking simple plastics, altering their chemical bonds, and repurposing them into resin pelletstiles for your home, and even road asphalt. This approach empowers innovation to solve plastic waste, creates jobs, and does it with minimal environmental impact.

But for those who recognize the potential of this innovation, there still remains the problem of microplastics, which often end up in our water sources. Luckily, scientists have an answer here as well. 

Using electrolytic oxidation, researchers have succeeded in “attacking” microplastics, breaking them down into C02 and water molecules, all without additional chemicals. Here, the Biden administration could embrace the science that makes these technologies both scalable and sustainable.

If President Biden wants to heed the call of climate action, he has all the tools at his disposal to do so. But rather than endorsing costly and ineffective plastic bans, we should look to innovators and scientists who are offering a third way on plastic waste. That would be a true endorsement of science for the 21st century.

David Clement is the North American Affairs Manager with the Consumer Choice Center

Originally published here.

Michael Bloomberg propels the WHO’s nanny state mission creep

Michael Bloomberg may have a domestic reputation as a tough-talking, three-term big-city mayor who blew hundreds of millions on a doomed presidential campaign, but around the world, his money talks.

For years, his charity Bloomberg Philanthropies has dispensed billions of dollars to global causes near and dear to the billionaire’s heart: climate change, public health, education, and the arts. As a result, in the developing world, Bloomberg’s private giving has propelled him into a kind of swashbuckling private government.

When he banned large sodas in New York City, he was only getting started. “Mayor Big Gulp” has global ambitions. Whether in Japan, India, Peru, or the Philippines, Bloomberg’s dangling of free money has led to jacking up tax rates on consumer products such as sodas and cigarettes, providing intellectual rigor for harsh bans and restrictions on alcohol and vaping devices, and coaxing health ministers to accept advertising restrictions on children’s cereals.

Thanks to his nanny state war chest, Bloomberg was named this week to a third term as the World Health Organization’s “Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries,” a mission he has personally funded for several years. While Bloomberg’s recent investments into COVID-19 response and research are laudable, his decadeslong mission to export the nanny state abroad via the WHO’s soft power is damaging, not to mention paternalistic. And the WHO has helped sow the seeds for the current pandemic more than we know.

The WHO has always been a bloated bureaucracy with sky-high luxury travel costs and an allergy to serious reform. But it was WHO’s failures in the 2013 Ebola outbreak that began to shed light on how it had lost its way. The organization admitted as much just six years ago. The Ebola outbreak “served as a reminder that the world, including WHO, is ill-prepared for a large and sustained disease outbreak,” it declared.

While inefficiency was the main culprit, it is not difficult to see how the WHO has been unfocused along. The mission creep of the WHO, focusing more on soda taxes and making e-cigarettes illegal in third-world countries, all funded by Bloomberg’s initiatives, helps explain the tepid response to the breakout of the coronavirus in China, which led to President Donald Trump withdrawing the United States from the health body in 2020. President Biden reversed that decision in his first days in office, without so much as a polite request for reform.

The various missteps of the WHO in the run-up to the pandemic, coupled with its wavering mission to protect us from global disease outbreaks, is a principal reason why we should oppose Bloomberg’s global nanny state expansion. Even now, Bloomberg’s charity is funneling millions into the health agencies of countries such as the Philippines and India, all in exchange for specific bans and consumer product restrictions, which have called into question the influence of the billionaire’s reach. That led Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to cut off some of Bloomberg’s purse strings in 2014 and has sparked recent investigations into Bloomberg’s shady donations to the Philippines’ FDA.

These actions are not only praised by the WHO but are facilitated and made necessary to receive any future funds. That is where the WHO is leading us astray. Rather than equipping doctors and health systems to fight the next pandemic, Bloomberg’s deep pockets deputize the WHO as a global police officer enforcing soda taxes, tobacco bans, and restrictions on vaping devices in the developing world.

Bloomberg’s global nanny mission creates problems for public health, and it is even more worrying for the prospect of a global disease outbreak that would make COVID-19 lockdowns look painless.

Yaël Ossowski (@YaelOss) is deputy director of the Consumer Choice Center, a global consumer advocacy group.

Originally published here.

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