Month: December 2021

Nicotin gây nghiện nhưng không phải nguyên nhân gây ung thư

Các chuyên gia cho rằng đã đến lúc chấm dứt tấn công vào nicotin mà thay vào đó cuộc chiến chống tác hại thuốc lá cần xác định rõ đâu mới là nguyên nhân gây ra các bệnh lý liên quan đến hút thuốc lá điếu.

Nghiện thuốc lá, không chỉ do nicotin

Năm 2011, một nghiên cứu trên chuột của Murphy và Maier đã gây bất ngờ cho giới khoa học, khi chứng minh rằng nicotin không phải là nguyên nhân gây ung thư như trước giờ mọi người vẫn lầm tưởng. Nghiên cứu cho thấy những chỉ số về đặc tính sinh ung thư ví dụ như số lượng u phổi ở những con chuột được sử dụng nicotin so với những con chuột trong nhóm còn lại không đem lại sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê.

Không ít người vẫn chưa biết nicotin cũng có trong cà chua, khoai tây, ớt đỏ, cà tím với hàm lượng rất nhỏ. Các nghiên cứu khoa học cho thấy nếu ăn 10 kg cà tím, lượng nicotin hấp thụ sẽ tương đương 1 điếu thuốc lá. Tuy nhiên do nicotin gắn liền với thuốc lá, nên phần lớn người ta vẫn “kết tội” nicotin là nguyên nhân gây ra các bệnh liên quan đến thuốc lá. Theo nghiên cứu của Viện Y tế và Chăm sóc Sức khoẻ Quốc gia Anh Quốc, các độc tố và chất gây ung thư trong khói thuốc lá mới là nguyên nhân chính gây ra bệnh tật và tử vong, không phải là do nicotin.

Read the full article here

The Shady Side of Student Loan Forgiveness

As the collective student loan debt in the U.S. surpasses $1.7 trillion, President Joe  Biden’s administration is gearing up to provide over $11.5 billion in student loan relief for nearly 600,000 borrowers. In addition to the fiscal nightmare this will pass onto taxpayers, it has also created a predatory market that thrives on selling student data and information.

Student loan debt has been accumulating at an alarming rate, increasing by more than 100 percent in the last decade alone. Perhaps more alarming is that of the 43.2 million student borrowers in debt within the United States, each owes an average of $39,351. Currently, there are some student loan forgiveness programs through the federal government for specific circumstances, such as for public employees or doctors who work in rural areas. But one loan forgiveness program in particular is becoming increasingly problematic: Borrower to Defense Repayment (BDR).

BDR loan forgiveness operates on the basis that a college defrauded a student by failing them on the educational services provided. While there are surely legitimate claims through BDR, there are also alarming loopholes within the rules that allow for massive amounts of student debt to be unjustifiably forgiven at the taxpayers’ expense. As noted in a study from the University of Chicago, student debt forgiveness favors the top 20 percent of earners, meaning it is more of an expensive bailout for educated and generally well-off individuals at the expense of all taxpayers, many of whom did not even go to college. Interestingly, those who rack up large amounts of student debt typically come from more affluent families and run up their tab by attending out-of-state private schools, while those from lower-income backgrounds are more likely to make cost-saving decisions and reduce the amount of debt they take on. If the loopholes within BDR loan forgiveness persist, then taxpayers could be on the hook to pay for the billions of dollars worth of loans forgiven.

What’s perhaps even more alarming is just how these BDR claims are coming to fruition. Recently, a handful of companies have popped up with information or offers to assist those looking for help with the loan forgiveness process. Although these services seem well-intentioned, their goals are actually quite nefarious. They specificallymarket to students to collect their data to sell to trial attorneys as leads for potential lawsuit claims, all unbeknownst to the student. As one might suspect, this has turned many trial attorneys’ dreams into reality, as more frivolous class action lawsuits are being filed against colleges thanks to these predatory recruiting ads. This is effectively opening up every private educational institution to massive claims or losses.

While calls for student loan forgiveness continue, it is important to look at what is specifically driving this debt to skyrocket. One key factor driving student loan debt is federally-backed student loans. Research shows that for every dollar of federal aid, institutional grant aid is reduced by $0.83, meaning the intended reduction of costs from federal aid is offset significantly by reductions in institutional aid and leads to students increasing their loan amount since they are not actually benefiting from more affordable tuition. In addition to federally-backed student loans, overly bloated administrative costs are also driving up tuition prices. Administrative costs cover non-instructional staff who are not directly contributing to educating students within the classroom. Although administrative staff is shown to have very little impact on graduation rates, administrative costs managed to increase by 61.2 percent from 1993 to 2007. Today, the cost of tuition is up 361 percent since 1963 (inflation-adjusted), and the average student attending a 4 year-public college will need $26,615 for the academic year when factoring in the price of tuition, room and board, books, and other necessities.

With the price of a college education being so expensive, it is understandable how collective student loan debt within the United States got to the amount it is at today. However, there are better solutions to address this debt than pushing the financial burden into taxpayers through loan forgiveness schemes. Instead, policymakers should address the rapidly rising costs of attending college and close the glaring loopholes within Borrower to Defense Repayment. Not only would this save billions of dollars and actually make college more affordable, but it would also minimize the opportunity for predatory companies to take advantage of vulnerable students by invading their privacy and selling their information to tort lawyers.

Originally published here

December 2020

Happy Holidays!

The year 2020 was definitely not a fun year for many consumers.

But with the approval of COVID vaccine(s), there is light at the end of the tunnel.

While my home country Germany is proud of being the birthplace of the first vaccine, patients will have to wait for its approval. Countries like the UK, the US, and Canada are already more advanced and have already begun vaccinating vulnerable patients.

Furthermore, the European Commission sees the current crisis as an opportunity to centralize drug pricing and reimbursement decisions away from national governments. We see this as a threat to patient access and innovation in Europe.

Fortunately, we were able to find 30 Members of the European Parliament from across the aisle to co-sign our letter to the European Commission opposing this so-called pharmaceutical strategy.
READ OPEN LETTER HERE

Launching a New Podcast! 🎧

Our Bill Wirtz was so impressed by David and Yaël’s work on the Consumer Choice Radio show that he launched ConsEUmer, a weekly podcast covering EU politics. 
Make sure to subscribe to ConsEUmer here: consumerchoicecenter.org/conseumer
Available on Apple PodcastsSpotify, and many other streaming services!
LISTEN HERE


Covid-Friendly Protest in Brussels! 

While COVID did not allow us much in-person work this year, the CCC joined the World Vapers’ Alliance cardboard protest in front of the EU Parliament. Protesting 2020-style!

Vaping in California

Success in California on vape flavor ban – the ban is delayed! You can find our coalition letter opposing the vape flavor ban here.
READ HERE

Is Facebook a Monopoly?

And in times where social media is one of the few means of socially distanced communication, the CCC is fighting anti-consumer actions in US antitrust — Find Yael’s piece on why the FTC gets it wrong here.
READ MORE

Targeted Advertising

Why banning or restricting targeted advertisement on both sides of the Atlantic is bad news for consumers.
READ MORE

12 Tips for Shopping Online

Our Holiday Gift to You: 12 consumer tips during the festive season to shop safely online.
GO TO INSTAGRAM

Canadian Plastics Ban

In Canada, the Federal government has announced a new plastic ban and has labelled plastic as a schedule 1 toxin under CEPA. David Clement published two op-eds on this topic, one in the Financial Post in October and again in theToronto Sun in December. More to come on this hot issue!
READ MORE

Make the milk more affordable

Supply Management – Our David Clement keeps fighting the battle against expensive dairy, poultry, and eggs in Canada. 
The Financial Post published his latest stance on this important consumer issue, and the Western Producer used his comments to directly challenge the government on their support of supply management.

Several Members of Parliament were challenged by journalists after David got published #HOTSEAT
READ HERE

European Green Deal

In The Parliament Magazine, Bill Wirtz asks how much the European Green Deal will cost consumers. Can we afford to pay more for electricity and daily consumption goods? A new impact assessment by the European Commission confirms our worst fears.
READ HERE

Pro Innovation in Agriculture in Italy

Great news! A new pro-innovation agriculture amendment law was passed yesterday in the Italian parliament. In 2021, Italy will have its own impact assessment on the Farm to Fork strategy. 

#WIN

November 2021

We’re back at it here at Consumer Choice Center, giving you the latest and greatest in our campaigns fighting for YOU across the world. Do you care about lifestyle freedom, innovative technologies, and smart public policies? Then you’re in the right place!


Consumer Choice Supervillains NFT Collectible Cards

When it comes to discussions about public policies, especially those around vaping, we all know there are some supervillains out there. That’s why we launched the Consumer Choice Center Supervillains collectible card set, now available as NFTs on OpenSea.
READ MORE HERE

Fighting for ridesharing in Toronto

My colleague (radio co-host David) has been slaying the dragons that want to phase out innovative ridesharing solutions like Uber in Toronto, Canada.He testified at a city council hearing, gave interviews on radio and TV, and had this article published in the National Post.
READ MORE HERE

The Shady Side of Student Loan Forgiveness

Elizabeth has a widely-syndicated article on the calls for loan forgiveness and why that would be harmful to millions who did not go to college, and would also serve to further inflate the costs of university education.

She also highlights the actions of some rather pernicious actors in the loan forgiveness space, using class action lawsuits to try to extract payments from private colleges.
READ MORE

Crypto Hunters: Why Elites are Anxious About Cryptocurrencies

Money, power, encryption, decentralization, and a monetary alternative.

The rise of cryptocurrencies is, in our opinion, something to celebrate and uphold. And while the adoption of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and others is speeding up among those who could really use it, there are efforts by institutions to regulate access to the on and off-ramps.

That’s why we need smart policy to continue to support innovation, while keeping scam projects in check. Check out my latest article in the European Conservative magazine.
READ MORE

Nicotine is not your Enemy: 6 Reasons to stop the war on nicotine

One complaint we often have in our work is that public health entities spread many myths and lies about nicotine. 

Reducing the number of smokers and allowing them to rapidly and efficiently switch to a less harmful alternative should be a major priority for governments and public health agencies worldwide.

Unfortunately, too many people confuse nicotine consumption with the diseases caused by smoking. In this paper, we outline six main reasons why the war on nicotine is pointless and should stop.

My colleague Maria Chaplia and World Vapers’ Alliance Michael Landl team up for this great policy note.
READ HERE

Smart cannabis bill introduced in the US House

When it comes to smart policies on cannabis policies, we are very happy to support South Carolina congresswoman Nancy Mace’s bill, the STATES Reform Act, which would be the most consumer-friendly model of legalizing cannabis across the United States.

Our main goal should be in restoring justice, promoting market access, and finally stamping out the black market.

We joined up with a coalition of groups at the Cannabis Freedom Alliance to give our endorsement of what this bill aims to achieve, and we hope to continue to push it until it is adopted.
LEARN MORE

100 Episodes of Consumer Choice Radio

Speaking of successes, David and I just celebrated a milestone for the ages: 100 episodes of Consumer Choice Radio!

When we launched in January 2020, we didn’t know where we were headed.

Now, almost two years later, we are syndicated on two radio stations, have a booming podcast version that can accept streaming Bitcoin payments on Podcasting 2.0-compliant apps, and we’ve been able to interview congresspeople, members of Parliament, entrepreneurs, authors, and innovators who are making a difference for consumer choice.

For the latest, we interviewed Rep. Nancy Mace on her cannabis bill, Rep. Larry Bucshon on why some PFAS chemicals are vital, Alexandra Gaiser from River Financial about Bitcoin maximalism, and Canadian MP Nathaniel Erskine-Smith about why excise taxes on non-alcoholic beer don’t make sense. Subscribe to our YouTube for the video interviews, or subscribe to the podcast version below!

 
SUBSCRIBE
Okay look, there is so much more to say about the great work my colleagues have been doing around the globe. It’s far too much for just one newsletter (or even an Instagram Reel).

Won’t you consider, therefore, checking out our social media channels? You’ll find the links below.

If there is a consumer issue that affects you and would like to get *ACTIVATED* just let me know and we’ll see what we can do.

Thank you ALWAYS for the support you provide us, and I look forward to sharing more great stories in the New Year.

Happy Holiday season!

Should dealcoholized beer be taxed the same as regular beer?

Beer is one of those products that gets heavily taxed however should that mean the tax should be equal between alcoholic and dealcoholized beer?

Listen to the interview here

Electrifying Alabama: ‘They want to be the forefront, let’s make it the forefront’

Earlier this week, Gov. Kay Ivey launched “Drive Electric Alabama,” a public awareness campaign promoting electric vehicle sales and “showing the nation, once again, Alabama is a driving force in the automotive industry,” the governor stated.

However, a June Consumer Choice Center report ranks Alabama among the worst states to purchase an electric vehicle, while Bumper, an online search tool for vehicle history reports, ranks Alabama 49th for ease of owning one.

Alexander City resident Carl Kovach, a five-year Tesla owner, calls it “ridiculous.”

“They’re saying they want to be the forefront; let’s make it the forefront,” Kovach said of his state government. “Let’s do what we need to do to ensure that their citizens are able to get a vehicle and know that they have the availability and the servicing and the fuel and everything else they need.”

Read the full article here

Economías colaborativas: Buenos Aires quedó 9° en un ranking de 44 ciudades de América Latina

El estudio evalúa la disponibilidad de una serie de servicios de movilidad, transporte, alojamiento y actividad física a través de plataformas digitales que conectan a consumidores y prestadores.

En los últimos años, la tecnología ha presentado un sinfín de nuevas alternativas en productos y servicios que han permitido a las personas elegir y modificar sus hábitos de consumo, de acuerdo a sus necesidades diarias. La pandemia del Coronavirus produjo el desembarco de más herramientas, pero fundamentalmente ha acelerado procesos de adopción por parte de los consumidores.

De acuerdo a relevamientos realizados por PwC relacionados a diferentes estudios y encuestas sobre la temática a nivel global, el valor de la industria de la economía colaborativa llegaría a los u$s335.000 millones para 2025, compartiendo un 50% del mercado con el modelo tradicional.La investigación establece que los consumidores consideran que esta nueva manera de hacer negocios ayuda a reducir los costos de consumos diarios, implica mayor eficiencia, reduce la contaminación, genera mayor comodidad a la hora de comprar y construye una comunidad más fuerte, que basa su éxito en la confianza entre oferentes y demandantes.

Buenos Aires quedó ubicada en el noveno puesto del Índice de Economía Colaborativa Latam 2021, un relevamiento que analiza 44 ciudades de Latinoamérica y evalúa la disponibilidad de una serie de servicios de movilidad, transporte, alojamiento y actividad física a través de plataformas digitales que conectan a consumidores y prestadores. El estudio, realizado en conjunto por la red Somos Innovación, Relial y el Consumer Choice Center, también tiene en cuenta la accesibilidad que presentan dichas plataformas, en términos de requisitos, para quienes buscan ofrecer o consumir servicios a través de ellas.

Read the full article here

Reckoning with insurance for better patient choice in healthcare

A new Senate bill seeks to take the hassle of dealing with healthcare companies away from patients and into the hands of insurance companies. Although it falls short of the mark, this bill is a step in the right direction toward sensible healthcare reform in Pennsylvania.

Regardless of your job, your income, or where you live, we’ve all had at least one nightmare scenario when it comes to health insurance.

There are forms, claims, reimbursement requests, schedules, and negotiations. Doctors, dentists, and health practitioners understand the burden, and often have to face their own bureaucratic tests of will before focusing on their patients. The growth of healthcare administration costs emphasizes this. And that’s for people with private plans.

The price inflation that comes with the amping up of health insurance plans in our entire system — not to mention the role of government subsidies — is a well-known phenomenon. Insurance becomes involved in every rudimentary doctor visit or procedure, leading to bad incentives for health providers, employers, and insurance companies. This process involves a middleman in what should essentially be a simple medical contract between patient and practitioner. 

The answer, however, is not in abandoning free exchange in healthcare, as Medicare For All proponents would have us believe, but rather it is in reckoning with insurance to make our system more competitive and fair.

In Pennsylvania, one particular bill is addressing the process of making insurance more accountable and lowering patient costs and headaches.

This session, State Sen. Judy Ward has introduced SB850 that would enact assignment of benefits reform, compelling insurance companies to follow a patient’s wish to directly pay healthcare providers rather than leaving them with the paperwork and negotiation. This would simplify life for patients by requiring insurers to pay providers directly.

One would think this is standard practice, but especially for dental insurance, there are additional steps and vetting that often leave patients responsible for paying their dentists only after the insurance company has paid out the claim.

Though only a small reform, and leagues from where we need to be to have a truly free market in healthcare decoupled from our employers, this bill would make the entire process simpler and better empower patients and consumers.

Since the Affordable Care Act and large Medicare reforms at the federal level, assignment of benefits is recognized in most medical insurance markets, but not yet for dental patients.

These reforms are complicated by the often cumbersome terms of dental insurance contracts: only portions of care or procedures can be covered by insurance, there are caps on the amounts one can reimburse in a single year, and dentists must navigate these steps to accurately bill their patients without producing a shocking bill. This balanced billing approach is necessary for any medical professional who wants to stay in business.

The answer, however, is not in abandoning free exchange in healthcare … but rather it is in reckoning with insurance to make our system more competitive and fair. 

But the status quo often makes it more complicated than it otherwise would be.

That is why price transparency remains an important principle for these debates, and why legislators should continue ensuring patients have choice and access to the information they need.

There are dozens of easy reforms state legislatures could follow that would help improve care: fostering innovation, reducing bureaucracy, giving incentives to patients to use direct-to-consumer options, and more.

By continuing to promote competition and transparency, patients and consumers can benefit from better care and lower costs. It is only a small degree of change we need, but it beats the alternative.

Originally published here

Counterpoint | Ontario, We Have a Problem

Tanya is joined by David Clement, North American Affairs Manager at Consumer Choice Centre, and Jay Goldberg, Interim Ontario Director at CTF, for an in-depth discussion on Ontario’s debt problem.

Watch the interview here

End the War on Nicotine

Reducing the number of smokers remains public health priority for governments around the world. However, the war against nicotine prevents further progress.

The bad reputation of nicotine is getting in the way of providing smokers with a safer alternative to traditional tobacco cigarettes. A new paper, published by the Consumer Choice Center, aims to debunk myths associated with nicotine and provide some more clarity around what nicotine actually is.

Smoking rates have been steadily declining but it is not thanks to tools applied by the governments,  but rather the innovative alternatives to smoking such as e-cigarettes, snus, etc. Unfortunately, rather than promote an alternative that is far less harmful and gives people a chance to live healthier and longer lives, public officials are waging a war on nicotine. This limits access to those life-saving alternatives. 

Contrary to popular belief, the harm from smoking comes from the thousands of other chemicals in tobacco smoke, many of which are toxic. And while nicotine is an addictive substance, it is relatively harmless and doesn’t increase the risk of serious illnesses (heart attack, stroke) or mortality.

Unlike vaping, conventional nicotine replacement therapies, such as patches, nasal sprays, gums are endorsed by public health bodies. Going against vape and snus just because it is a different way of consuming nicotine is inconsistent, to say the least. NRTs work for some people, but others prefer vaping, and it should be up to consumers to choose their preferred harm-reduction tool. Instead of limiting their choices, we should use all tools at our disposal to help smokers switch.  

Nicotine has been demonised for so long that the health benefits of nicotine consumption have been completely ignored. Research since the 1960’s has demonstrated that smokers show lower rates of Parkinson’s disease, and recently a study suggested the reason for this is nicotine. Another study suggests that nicotine has an appetite suppressing effect and therefore acts as a weight suppressant, and could be used to fight obesity Studies also suggest that nicotine can improve exercise endurance and strength. This explains why many professional athletes use nicotine to improve their performance.

Distorted perceptions about nicotine stand in the way of more smokers switching to less harmful ways of consuming nicotine. Many physicians falsely believe that nicotine is the substance causing cancer in patients. Public health advocates and health experts need to get educated on the topic and encourage smokers to switch to alternatives, such as vaping which is 95% less harmful than traditional cigarettes.  

Prohibition doesn’t work, as demonstrated by the American prohibition era and numerous other examples. Instead, it pushes consumers towards the black market where providing high quality products is not a priority.

Innovative nicotine products have the potential to save millions of lives around the world, and we should not allow misconceptions get in the way of the fight against smoking-induced diseases.

Read our new paper “Six reasons to stop the war on nicotine” to find out more on the topic

Steuerwettbewerb und Verbraucherschutz

Staaten stehen in einer gewissen Konkurrenz zueinander. Zwar ist der Handel kein Nullsummenspiel und Handelskriege, Zöller und andere Beschränkungen daher kontraproduktiv. Dennoch lässt sich nicht leugnen, dass verschiedene Regulierungsmöglichkeiten zu besseren, oder schlechteren Ergebnissen führen. So ist derjenige Staat, der seinen Bürgern und Unternehmen weniger Steuern aufbürdet tendenziell wettbewerbsfähiger, als ein Staat mit hoher Besteuerung. Ein Staat, der das Eröffnen eines Unternehmens erleichtert, wird meistens auch mehr Selbständige haben, als ein Staat, der eine hohe bürokratische Barriere aufstellt. Nur in einer völlig freien globalen Marktwirtschaft würden diese regulatorischen Unterschiede verschwinden.
Diese Ausgangslage haben wir aber nicht. Die Beatles haben sich aufgelöst. Sebastian Vettel wird nicht mit Ferrari Weltmeister und Eltern lieben manchmal nicht alle ihre Kinder gleich stark. 


In dieser von Fehlern behafteten Welt stehen die Staaten durchaus im gegenseitigen Wettbewerb. Das führt zu solchen pathologischen Erscheinungen, wie Protektionismus.

Eine andere Art des Wettbewerbs konnte man vor nicht zu langer Zeit in zwei baltischen Staaten beobachten. So bemerkte man in Estland, dass durch die höheren Alkoholsteuern viele Bürger sich dazu entschieden Alkohol nicht im eigenen Land, sondern bei dem Nachbarn in Lettland zu kaufen. Dadurch entwickelte sich vor Allem in den Grenzgebieten reger Handel, Geschäfte wuchsen wie Waldpilze nach einem Schauer. Die dadurch von dem estnischen Staatshaushalt erlittenen Verluste brachten wie so häufig Wirkung und die Regierung entschied sich die Alkoholsteuern 2019 um 25% zu senken.

Das löste zunächst eine kleine diplomatische Krise aus. So zeigten sich die Letten zunächst bestürzt. Die beiden Staaten hatten sich eigentlich Jahre zuvor darauf geeinigt, dass Lettland die Alkoholsteuern erhöhen werde, was auch schrittweise geschah. Der Premierminister Lettlands beteuerte zunächst, dass er in keinen Alkoholkrieg gegen Estland ziehen wolle. Die mutige Handlung der Estländer zwang Lettland effektiv dazu seine Alkoholsteuern im Gegenzug zu senken. Das Ergebnis war eine Absenkung der Alkoholsteuern um 15%.

Dabei muss eine solche Steuersenkung nicht dazu führen, dass weniger eingenommen wird. 
Polen entschied sich 2002 dazu die Alkoholsteuern radikal um 30% zu senken, um die “grauen Zonen”  zu bekämpfen, in denen illegal und unkontrolliert Alkohol hergestellt wurde. Wegen der Steuersenkung verzeichnete der polnische Staatshaushalt erhebliche Einnahmen, und konnte eine seit Jahren anhaltende Tendenz umkehren. 2002 brachten die Steuern noch 3,87 Mld PLN (881 Mln €) ein, 2003 waren es bereits 4,09 Mld PLN (931 Mln €) und 2004 erfreute sich der polnische Staat über 4,56 Mld PLN (1 Mld €) . Ebenso konnten die Grauzonen bekämpft werden, in denen Alkohol unkontrolliert hergestellt wurde.
Leider lernte Polen nicht aus dieser positiven Erfahrung. Erst gestern, am 02.12.21 entschied der polnische Sejm über eine Erhöhung der Alkoholsteuern und Tabaksteuern. Man argumentierte mit der Sorge um die Volksgesundheit… Die gleiche Regierung führte eine Steuer für E-Zigarettenliquids ein, einer weniger schädlichen Alternative, die eine Preiserhöhung von mehreren Hundert Prozent bewirkte. Volksgesundheit also…

Die Beispiele zeigen zwei Lehren. Einerseits ist eine Steuersenkung nicht immer gleichbedeutend mit einem Verlust der finanziellen Mittel für den Staat. Andererseits ist sie ein geeignetes Werkzeug des internationalen Wettbewerbs, mit finanziellen und gesundheitlichen Vorteilen für den Verbraucher.

Damit ein solcher Wettbewerb entstehen kann, braucht es bestimmte Rahmenbedingungen. Im Falle von Steuern die auf bestimmte Güter erhoben werden ist diese Rahmenbedingung der freie Markt und Freizügigkeit. Beide Staaten sind Mitglieder der europäischen Union. Die oben beschriebene Situation konnte nur entstehen, weil es für die Esten möglich ist ohne größeren bürokratischen und finanziellen Aufwand nach Lettland zu reisen und dort Waren einzukaufen.


Das Prinzip ist aber auf viele Arten von Steuern anwendbar. So können Staaten und Regionen auch gegeneinander konkurrieren indem sie Lohn- und Einkommensteuern, Kapitalmarktsteuern, Grundsteuern und andere Abgaben kürzen. Dieses Prinzip sieht man auf dem europäischen Kontinent in dem Beispiel des schweizer Föderalismus. Dort konkurrieren Kantone gegeneinander u.a. mit der Steuerlast. So zahlt man in dem im Zentrum des Landes gelegenen Kanton Zug tendenziell weniger Steuern als in den westlichen Gebieten in unmittelbarer Nähe zu Frankreich.

Ein größeres Land mit einer föderalen Struktur die Steuerwettbewerb begünstigt sind die USA. So erheben gleich neun Staaten in den USA (Wyoming, Washington, Texas, Tennessee, South Dakota, New Hampshire, Nevada, Florida, Alaska) keine eigenen Einkommensteuern. Das ist ein nicht unerheblicher Unterschied zu dem Bundesstaat Kalifornien, das eine Steuer von 13,3% erhebt. Unterschiede ergeben sich auch in Details, wie der Progression. So erheben Staaten wie Illinois, North Carolina, oder Minnesota zwar durchaus Einkommensteuern, diese allerdings in Form einer “flat tax”, einer Liniensteuer.
Große Unterschiede gibt es auch bei Verkaufssteuern (sales tax) und anderen Abgaben.

Sowohl in den USA als auch in der Schweiz haben die Bürger somit die Wahl zwischen verschiedenen Modellen von Besteuerung und können mit ihrem Einkommen und den eigenen Füßen abstimmen, indem sie einen anderen Wohnort wählen.

Diesen Mechanismus kann man auch in der EU beobachten. Einen solchen Vorteil des europäischen Föderalismus gilt es zu wahren und zu verstärken. Anstatt Mindeststeuersätze einzuführen (die Beispielsweise bereits bei der Mehrwertsteuer gelten) sollte die Europäische Union den Wettbewerb vielmehr gutheißen. Vorteile würden sich nicht nur für den individuellen Steuerzahler in der EU ergeben, sondern für die gesamte Freihandelszone. 
Eine niedrigere Besteuerung, die durch den Wettbewerb erreicht werden könnte, würde die europäischen Unternehmen konkurrenzfähiger auf dem internationalen Markt machen. Die EU sollte im Zusammenhang von Steuern also weniger von Solidarität und mehr von Föderalismus und Dezentralisierung sprechen.

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