Day: December 3, 2024

Justices Skeptical of FDA’s Actions on Vapes

The hearing took just over an hour. Today, the United States Supreme Court heard oral arguments in FDA v. Wages and White Lion Investments, LLC, a pivotal case concerning the Food and Drug Administration’s rejection of applications to market flavored nicotine vaping devices.

The case is about much more than saving the vaping industry; it is also a landmark case for regulatory accountability related to public health and consumer choice. A decision is expected by the end of the Supreme Court’s term in June.

At issue is whether the FDA acted arbitrarily and capriciously when denying numerous premarket tobacco product applications (PMTA), as alleged by the manufacturers and affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit, which accused the FDA of a “regulatory switcheroo”. 

Elizabeth Hicks, US Affairs Analyst of the Consumer Choice Center, stated that the case underscores the need for “fairness and transparency” in regulatory processes. “The FDA’s blanket denials have placed enormous hurdles on firms providing harm-reduction alternatives, potentially decimating an industry that millions of adult consumers rely on to transition away from smoking traditional cigarettes,” she said.

Read the full text here

If it’s really about the economy, can Dollar General fulfill its ‘food first’ mission?

Dollar General was a brand generating some media buzz at the end of last year, but not for the reasons the company had hoped. After an appearance on Glenn Greenwald’s Rumble show, Tucker Carlson rantedabout his distaste for dollar stores. 

Although it is unclear what set Carlson on an anti-dollar store crusade, one thing is obvious: Carlson’s disregard for the importance of companies like Dollar General proves how disconnected he is from reality. It was only a few months earlier that Dollar General (DG) vowed to play a greater role in combating food deserts across the United States—a laudable mission given that DG is not even a grocer. 

Food deserts occur in communities that lack adequate supply or accessto affordable and nutritious food, and DG’s status as one of America’s largest small-box retailers gives it a unique opportunity to expand its “food first” strategy to underserved areas. Currently, around 80% of DG stores reside in localities where the population density is 20,000 or fewer, making DG’s presence a godsend for some since larger grocery stores tend to shy away from such areas.  

Food insecurity is a complex matter and while many focus on the need for greater affordability, access is also a primary concern—and DG is determined to help address both. However, doing so will be no easy feat, and DG’s success depends on several factors.

BUDGET-FRIENDLY BEGINNINGS 

The first Dollar General store opened on June 1, 1955, in Springfield, KY, after James Luther Turner and his son Cal decided to try out a novel idea: Everything sold would be a dollar or less. Their vision proved to be a huge success and, to this day, approximately a quarter of DG’s merchandise still adheres to the dollar and under model. The price point was a major draw for consumers not only due to affordability but also because of the ease of cost calculation. Shoppers who struggled with numeracy, a common problem in rural America then, could simply count the items in their basket to pre-determine their cost at checkout. 

Since its inception, DG has aimed to ease shopping tensions and, for those with budgetary constraints, the company has modernized its approach through the myDG® Wallet app, which provides real-time information about prices, promotions, and purchase options. DG also readily accepts payments via Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) cards and tries to make the process seamless so shoppers can feel confident about what food products are covered and which items are not (such as pet food and health supplements). 

DG also recently added an impressive amount of new food items to its private label brand, Clover Valley, to offer more affordable alternatives to popular name-brand products.   

BROADENING NETWORKS FOR CHANGE  

Over the past few years, Dollar General has been demonstrating big plans for scaling its impact, and the company has been prioritizing store openings in areas prone to food desert status. In addition, DG aimed to feature fresh produce in more than 10,000 stores and reached the 5,000 store mile marker early in 2024.  

Locations where population and income levels are limited are particularly at a loss for healthier food options, and the reason goes beyond monetary factors. Underdeveloped supply chains and insufficient infrastructure for storing and stocking perishable items constitute major hurdles for getting fresh food to remote and rural locations. Moreover, acquiring various types of produce is dependent on supplier availability and interest. And when it comes to attracting produce vendors, DG is simply not on the same level as the big Ws (Walmart, Wegmans, and Whole Foods).  

Suppliers desire shelf space at Walmart and Wegmans due to scale opportunities and the assurance of a committed consumer base, while Whole Foods has strong brand appeal for those with higher purchasing power along with the backing of its parent company, Amazon. 

Nevertheless, DG is actively pursuing new vendor relationships and, by upgrading in-store capabilities for refrigeration and inventory management, its commitment to stocking produce appears to be unwavering. DG recently aligned itself with Shelf Engine to implement an AI-driven platform for optimizing produce orders.  

ON TREND WITH A TARGETED MISSION 

It is worth noting that, according to ChaseDesign’s 2023 Dollar Store Channel Survey, grocery was “the top category” shopped for in the dollar store sector. A particularly interesting find reported by Supermarket News is that “Foot traffic to discounters and dollar stores rose 4.7% during the period from April to June, while grocery visits held steady and trips to superstores fell 2.4%.” 

Given these statistics, and if such trends continue, Dollar General stores may be able to more readily attract suppliers along with those eager to invest in the booming sector of retail media marketing. According to forecasts reported by ADWEEK, 2025 is predicted to be “a huge year for retail media, with more retailers becoming bigger advertising players.”

A strong retail environment and an interested consumer base undoubtedly benefit DG’s bottom line, but it also empowers DG to further pursue its “food first” strategy.

DG’s dedication to fighting food insecurity is not just tied to its sales efforts, it is also demonstrated through its contributions and extended partnership with Feeding America. DG has donated over $4 million with the equivalent of roughly 33 million meals to align with its stated mission of “serving others.” Such a mission matters when, according tothe U.S. Department of Agriculture, “13.5% (18.0 million) of U.S. households were food insecure at some time during 2023,” an increase from 2022, which was recorded at 12.8% (17.0 million).  

AWARENESS OF BUREAUCRATIC BARRIERS 

Dollar General received a Progressive Grocer Impact Award for its efforts to provide healthy and affordable food options to underserved communities in 2023. But, for DG’s most vulnerable consumers, food prices and availability are only one part of the puzzle, another major factor that DG must be mindful of concerns changes in SNAP/EBT benefits (previously known as food stamps). 

Recipients of SNAP/EBT benefits received a funding boost during the COVID-19 pandemic, but levels reverted in February of 2023. According to findings by the Urban Institute, “SNAP benefits did not cover the cost of a meal in 99% of counties” where recipients were located. The average per-meal maximum benefit for 2023 was $2.73, and while an increase has just been approved for October, it is only by a few dollars each month. 

Consumer confidence in SNAP/EBT benefits has never been strong and perhaps that is to be expected. The amount of funds granted, the requirements for recipients, and any mechanisms for monitoring efficiency seem to be up for constant political debate. So, while DG’s partnerships in the private realm appear to be going strong, decisions occurring in the public sector also require DG’s attention—at both the federal and local levels. 

According to Business Insider, “About 60 cities and towns have restricted dollar store openings since 2018.” Reasons range from zoning laws to township preferences. In response to this finding, a DG spokesperson stated, “We believe restrictive measures harm communities by limiting customer choice, convenience, and affordability, particularly in inflationary times, and forcing customers to travel farther and/or spend more to access basic household and food items.” In a recent advertorial sponsored by DG in The Atlantic, several communities serve as real-life case studies proving that DG’s presence has played a significant part in alleviating food insecurity. 

BUILDING MOMENTUM BY BULKING UP MARKETING 

Dollar General’s success in expanding food access and healthier food options is dependent on DG’s success overall as a business. Therefore, the company needs to attract as many customers and as much good press as possible, which brings us back to why someone like Tucker Carlson could derail DG’s process. 

Although Carlson’s viewership has declined, his fanbase is still a staggering amount and his opinions can sway the actions of his followers. Fortunately, younger generations are less interested in Tucker and more interested in TikTok.  

According to Retail Dive, “TikTok has become the go-to platform for viewing shopping hauls and finding cheaper alternative products at retailers, including dollar stores” and DG has benefited greatly from influencers on the platform. Data from Morning Consult, as reported by Yahoo! Finance, found DG to be “the 15th fastest growing brand amongst Gen Z in 2023” thanks in large part to TikTok influencers swaying shopping preferences. And Gen Z, which has been dubbed the foodie generation, is proving to be a powerful consumer base with interests that seem to align with DG’s mission, given their desire to support health and sustainability.  

Moving forward, DG needs to lean in and capitalize on these demographic trends and bulk up its PR strategy to position stores as being worth supporting in addition to shopping at. And while consumers can be wary of marketing campaigns that are boastful, DG’s somewhat underdog status along with the genuine effort being put toward a worthy cause should grant the brand a bit of bragging rights. DG’s rooted history in affordability shouldn’t hamper the brand’s ability to be repositioned as one that is advancing America’s well-being, but it will take a significant amount of marketing to do so.  

Peter Drucker, famed management guru, rightly noted that marketing is not just another aspect of business, rather marketing is business. In Drucker’s words, marketing is “the whole business seen from the point of view of its final result, that is from the customer’s point of view.” Catering to one’s customer base, however, is easier said than done. Marketers must balance their understanding of consumers as being both part of a broader collective as well as individuals with singular and distinct needs. 

For DG, the appeal must be multifaceted to attract the preferences of those who choose to shop at DG in addition to providing the best experience to consumers who have no other choice but DG. In the end, only time will tell if Dollar General can attain success by delivering savings to our wallets while providing products for America’s well-being.  

Originally published here

Naujajame reitinge Vilnius vėl pirmauja: šį kartą dalijimosi ekonomikos srityje

Naujausiame dalijimosi ekonomikos indekse, kurį paskelbė „Consumer Choice Center“, Vilnius vėl pelnė geriausio dalijimosi ekonomikos miesto titulą. Reitinge, sudarytame remiantis pažangia „I-distance“ statistine analize, pabrėžiamas sektoriaus atsparumas pasaulinių iššūkių, tokių kaip mokesčių pokyčiai ES ar reguliavimo neapibrėžtumas Lotynų Amerikoje, akivaizdoje.

Vilnius už savo poziciją dėkingas plačiam paslaugų spektrui – nuo pavėžėjimo ir e. paspirtukų teikiamų paslaugų iki dalijimosi būstu ir prieigos prie tarpusavio finansinių paslaugų. Miestas išsiskiria draugiška reguliavimo aplinka, kuri skatina inovacijas.

„Miestai, kuriuose pirmenybė teikiama lankstumui ir decentralizacijai, teikia didžiausią naudą vartotojams, didina paslaugų prieinamumą ir gerina ekonominę gerovę”, – pasakė „Consumer Choice Center“ atstovas Emilis Panzaru.

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Breaking down the DOJ’s plan to end Google’s search monopoly

Next year, a court might tell Google to do anything from syndicating its search results to selling the Chrome browser. These remedies and more were included in a request last week from the Justice Department, which is aiming to break up Google’s search monopoly.

The DOJ’s proposals clued in the public to what the government really wants out of Google. Though the complaint was filed in 2020, the first phase of the trial focused only on whether Google was liable for the antitrust harms the government alleged. After Judge Amit Mehta ruled this summer that Google is an illegal monopolist in general search services and search text advertising, the government has finally laid out its plan for how to restore competition, with proposals ranging from relatively simple tweaks in business practices to large structural changes.

The remedies the DOJ is seeking “would imperil Google’s ability to compete in its core business of search and search advertising,” says David Halliday, teaching associate professor of strategic management and public policy at George Washington School of Business. Judge Mehta accepting these remedies wouldn’t be “quite as big a deal as breaking up Standard Oil, but this would be a bigger deal, I think, than breaking up AT&T.” 

If Mehta accepts only some of these proposals after a two-week trial in April, Google might be in better shape. But it could still see billions of dollars shaved off its empire. And according to experts watching the case, attention-grabbing options like a Chrome sale may not be the biggest threat to Google’s power.

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Pelarangan iPhone 16 dan Pentingnya Kebijakan Ekonomi Terbuka

Beberapa waktu lalu, Indonesia berhasil menjalankan salah satu agenda demokrasi yang sangat penting, yakni pergantian kekuasaan secara damai. Prabowo Subianto dilantik secara resmi sebagai presiden Indonesia ke-8 menggantikan Presiden Joko Widodo, pada tanggal 20 Oktober 2024.

Dalam berbagai kampanyenya, Presiden Prabowo kerap mengkampanyekan pertumbuhan ekonomi & pengentasan kemiskinan yang pesat. Tidak mengherankan bahwa, di awal pemerintahannya, presiden memiliki berbagai agenda untuk melakukan perjalanan kenegaraan ke luar negeri dan mengunjungi beberapa negara sahabat untuk menjalin hubungan dagang yang lebih erat dan meningkatkan investasi.

Di sisi lain, sejalan dengan pemerintahan sebelumnya, pendekatan perdagangan yang cenderung proteksionis merupakan langkah yang diambil dalam rangka untuk meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia. Hal ini sendiri mencakup berbagai hal, seperti pengelolaan sumber daya mineral, pembatasan penjualan produk manufaktur dari luar negeri, dan lain sebagainya. Langkah juga dibela oleh Presiden Prabowo sebelum beliau menjabat sebagai kepala negara, dan masih menjadi Menteri Pertahanan (cnbcindonesia.com, 16/5/2024).

Terkait dengan pembatasan penjualan barang manufaktur dari luar negeri misalnya, beberapa waktu lalu, pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan larangan untuk peredaran produk terbaru Apple, iPhone 16, untuk diperjualbelikan di dalam negeri. Masyarakat tetap bisa menggunakan gadget tersebut jika memmbelinya di luar negeri, tetapi tidak boleh sampai diperjualbelikan di tanah air (kompas.com, 6/11/2024).

Pemerintah dalam hal ini menjustifikasi pelarangan peredaran produk tersebut karena produk terbaru Apple tersbeut belum memenuhi ketentuan Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri (TKDN) yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Dalam hal ini, Apple belum memenuhi ketentuan minimum 40% komponen dalam negeri yang terdapat di produk iPhone 16 untuk bisa diperjualbelikan di Indonesia (kompas.com, 31/10/2024).

Menanggapi hal tersebut, pihak Apple sendiri sudah mencoba mengirim surat kepada lembaga terkait, dalam hal ini Kementerian Perindustrian RI. Dalam suratnya, pihak Apple mengajak kementerian tersebut untuk mengadakan pertemuan, namun hingga saat ini masih belum jelas tanggal pastinya kapan pertemuan antara pihak pemerintah dan Apple akan dilakukan (kompas.com, 31/10/2024).

Adanya aturan ini tentu merupakan bentuk kebijakan yang membatasi kebebasan konusmen untuk memilih produk sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan keinginan mereka. Dengan adanya larangan produk manufaktur tertentu untuk beredar, maka pihak yang paling terbebani adalah dari sisi konsumen, yang semakin sulit untuk bisa mendapatkan produk tersebut serta harus mengeluarkan biaya yang lebih mahal.

Dampak dari pelarangan tersebut bagi konsumen tentu bukan hanya saja terkait dengan kesulitan untuk mendapatkan produk dan biaya tambahan yang dikeluarkan, tetapi juga untuk akses terhadap perangkat pendukung yang sangat dibutuhkan, misalnya bila ada masalah dari gadget tersebut. Salah seorang pengguna iPhone 16 terbaru yang tinggal di kota Tangerang misalnya, harus melakukan perjalanan bolak balik dari Indonesia ke Malaysia untuk mengklaim gadget yang baru dibelinya karena tidak sesuai ekspektasi (tribunnews.com, 11/11/2024).

Hal tersebut tentunya merupakan hal yang bisa dimitigasi bila kebijakan proteksi terhadap produk iPhone 16 tidak diambil. Konsumen yang mendapati membeli produk yang tidak sesuai bisa mengklaim dengan mudah melalui distributor dan toko-toko di dalam negeri sebagaimana gadget-gadget lainnya.

Tidak hanya itu, pihak lain yang berpotensi dirugikan dari kebijakan ini tentunya adalah para pelaku usaha dan distributor gadget yang ada di Indonesia, yang berpontensi kehilangan banyak pemasukan karena mereka tidak bisa menjual produk gadget dengan peminat yang besar di Indonesia. Bila warga Indonesia terpaksa membeli produk tersebut dari luar negeri, maka hal tersebut sama saja dengan menghilangkan pendapatan yang harusnya bisa dinikmati oleh para distributor di tanah air.

Penerapan kebijakan pelarangan produk tertentu juga berpotensi besar bisa meningkatkan penjualan produk ilegal di pasar. Terlebih lagi, bila produk yang dilarang tersebut merupakan produk dengan brand ternama dan memiliki banyak peminat di Indonesia. Bila produk ilegal meningkat, tentu hal ini bukan hanya merugikan konsumen dan pedagang jujur & beroperasi sesuai dengan kerangka hukum, tetapi juga bisa menguntungkan pihak-pihak pedagang gelap yang tidak bertanggung jawab.

Kebijakan pelarangan produk manufaktur dari luar negeri sendiri juga berpotensi bisa memberi sinyal yang negatif terhadap para pelaku usaha luar negeri, dan juga para pengambil kebijakan dari negara lain. Bisa jadi, dengan diberlakukannya kebijakan pelarangan produk, produk Indonesia juga bisa berpotensi mengalami kesulitan untuk masuk ke negara lain.

Selain itu, sangat penting untuk diingat bahwa, perusahaan multinasional besar seperti Apple tidak bisa membuat produk yang sangat diminati dan membangun brand yang sangat kuat dalam jangka waktu yang singkat. Dibutuhkan waktu bertahun-tahun untuk melakukan riset dan pengembangan, dan jangan sampai nanti ketentuan 40% komponen dalam negeri justru berkonsekuensi pada kualitas produk yang akan digunakan oleh para konsumen.

Sebagai penutup, kebijakan ekonomi yang nasionalis dalam bentuk proteksi dan pembatasan peredaran produk tertentu merupakan hal yang mengandung banyak unintended consequences. Melalui kebijakan tersebut, pihak yang paling dirugikan tentunya adalah para konsumen di dalam negeri dan juga para pelaku usaha dan distributor produk gadget di tanah air.

Selain itu, tidak hanya dari sisi konsumen, adanya kebijakan untuk membatasi produk konsumen dari luar negeri di Indonesia berpotensi bisa menimbulkan sentimen yang negatif dari para pelaku usaha dari negara lain. Dengan adanya aturan demikian, bukan tidak mungkin langkah dan misi pemerintah untuk membangun hubungan dagang dan ekonomi dengan negara lain bisa terganggu dan terganjal, dan nantinya juga bisa berpengaruh pada pelaku usaha dalam negeri yang ingin merambah pasar internasional.


Originally published here

Städteranking zur Sharing Economy: Keine Deutsche Stadt unter den Top-20

Das Consumer Choice Center hat seinen mit Spannung erwarteten fünften jährlichen  Sharing Economy Index veröffentlicht. 

Wie in der vorherigen Ausgabe gehören auch dieses Jahr vier deutsche Städte zu den weltweit sechzig wichtigsten Destinationen der Sharing Economy. Ihre Platzierungen sind nur geringfügig gesunken und bleiben weiterhin im Mittelfeld. Diese Veränderung liegt hauptsächlich an der Einführung neuer, differenzierter Gewichtungen im Index, die die Nachteile von Beschränkungen im Ride- und Flat-Sharing deutlicher hervorheben als je zuvor. Die Stadt Köln hat die höchste Platzierung unter den deutschen Städten, sank jedoch leicht von Platz 21 im Jahr 2023 auf Platz 23. Die zweitbeste deutsche Stadt in der Liste ist Berlin, nun auf Platz 27 gegenüber Platz 24 im Vorjahr. Die beiden anderen Städte, München und Hamburg, teilen sich den 31. Platz (zusammen mit New York City), wie auch im vorherigen Index. 

Hinsichtlich der Top drei bleibt Vilnius weiterhin weltweit die Nummer eins für die Sharing Economy und bietet Verbrauchern eine exzellente Auswahl an vielfältigen Sharing-Economy-Diensten bei minimalen regulatorischen Störungen. Buenos Aires kehrt auf das Podium zurück und belegt den zweiten Platz, gefolgt von Madrid auf Platz drei.

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Consumer Choice Center pushes for ‘Auto Choice’ insurance reform to cut premiums

The Consumer Choice Center has published a new policy primer, Fixing What’s Broken: Practical Consumer-Friendly Insurance Reforms to Save Money, advocating for reforms aimed at reducing costs and increasing options in auto insurance for American drivers. The proposed “auto choice” system would allow consumers to choose between tort and no-fault insurance models, aiming to reduce litigation expenses, foster competition, and lower premiums.

“The legal nightmare that comes with every fender bender or more serious auto injury is known to every American, as they’re reminded by the slew of injury lawyer billboards on the interstate.” said Yaël Ossowski, Deputy Director at the Consumer Choice Center.

Previous efforts to pass “auto choice” legislation have often stalled due to opposition from third-party litigation funders and law firms benefiting from high litigation costs. The primer argues that excessive litigation and the influence of third-party litigation funding (TPLF) contribute to high insurance costs. Reforming these practices, along with implementing tort reform, is presented as a solution to make insurance more affordable.

Read the full text here

Agriculture européenne : entre ambitions écologiques et défis politiques

Christophe Hansen, commissaire désigné, devra concilier innovations environnementales, intérêts des agriculteurs et contraintes bureaucratiques pour préparer une nouvelle politique agricole commune d’ici 2027.

Les candidats à la prochaine Commission européenne passent actuellement par le long processus d’approbation au Parlement européen, au cours duquel ils doivent présenter leurs projets à la législature et convaincre les parlementaires de les approuver.

Sauf accident grave, les commissaires confirmés pour un mandat de cinq ans l’achèvent presque toujours, même si le gouvernement national qui les a proposés tombe entre-temps. Cela signifie que l’actuelle audition de confirmation est la seule véritable occasion pour les élus d’examiner les ambitions de ceux qui rédigeront les directives et les règlements de l’UE pour les années à venir.

Peu de questions relevant du portefeuille de la Commission européenne sont aussi controversées que l’agriculture. Il y a la plus grosse part du gâteau, la politique agricole commune (PAC).

Le commissaire sortant, Janusz Wojciechowski, était chargé d’obtenir l’accord final sur la PAC actuelle et de la faire entrer en vigueur, tandis que le commissaire qui l’a précédé, l’Irlandais Phil Hogan, était celui qui a présenté les propositions initiales sur cette PAC en 2018, avec tous les changements que cela a entraîné (convergence, paiement anticipé, éco-régimes, plans stratégiques, etc.).

Cette PAC doit expirer en 2027, l’objectif de l’Europe étant qu’une nouvelle PAC soit prête à être mise en oeuvre dès que possible après cette date.

La Commission européenne qui s’apprête à prendre le pouvoir – la deuxième sous la direction de la présidente Ursula von der Leyen – aura un mandat de cinq ans jusqu’à la fin de l’année 2029. Cela signifie que le nouvel homme fort de l’agriculture, Christophe Hansen, tentera essentiellement d’accomplir un travail que ses deux prédécesseurs se sont partagé : proposer des changements à la PAC, collaborer avec les autres institutions de l’UE et les Etats membres pour parvenir à un accord sur ces propositions et, enfin, mettre en oeuvre et appliquer la nouvelle PAC à partir de 2027 et jusqu’à la fin du mandat de la Commission actuelle.

Au cours des derniers mandats, les ambitions de Bruxelles étaient d’utiliser la redistribution des subventions – les paiements directs représentant les trois quarts du budget de la PAC – pour poursuivre des objectifs environnementaux.

Cette démarche s’inscrivait dans le droit fil d’autres directives, qu’il s’agisse de la réduction des pesticides, des règles en matière de déforestation ou de la restauration de la nature. Cependant, les principes sous-jacents de ces ambitions environnementales expliquent pourquoi les agriculteurs ont manifesté pendant de nombreux mois avant les élections européennes de juin, pourquoi les partis verts ont subi des pertes importantes et pourquoi le Parti populaire européen, le plus grand parti du Parlement européen et le foyer politique d’Ursula Von der Leyen et de Christophe Hansen, a décidé de s’appeler « le parti des agriculteurs » et s’est détourné des règles initialement « visionnaires » qu’il s’était lui-même fixées.

Christophe Hansen était le choix évident du gouvernement luxembourgeois et le candidat idéal pour la commission Von der Leyen. Toutefois, il doit se livrer à un exercice d’équilibre politique pour satisfaire tout le monde : poursuivre les améliorations environnementales, tout en allégeant les charges administratives pesant sur les agriculteurs, accroître le libre-échange sans mécontenter les secteurs agricoles clés d’Etats membres importants comme la France, et tout cela en réalisant que deux portefeuilles essentiels à la tâche – le commerce et la sécurité alimentaire – sont sous le contrôle de deux commissaires qui ont des agendas différents.

Il est possible d’associer l’innovation à un impact positif sur l’environnement. Qu’il s’agisse d’édition de gènes ou de produits de biocontrôle, nous connaissons les outils que nous pouvons utiliser pour améliorer l’efficacité tout en réduisant notre utilisation des ressources pour produire des aliments.

En fait, depuis le début des années 2000, l’agriculture mondiale utilise moins de terres tout en produisant plus de nourriture, ce qui en soi contredit l’idée écologiste selon laquelle nous avons besoin d’une décroissance. Les soi-disant « limites de la croissance » sont toujours surmontées par l’ingéniosité de l’esprit humain.

Mais l’ingéniosité de l’esprit humain doit aussi surmonter la bureaucratie de Bruxelles, qui traîne les pieds pour autoriser les cultures génétiquement modifiées et qui exige de longues procédures d’approbation pour les produits de biocontrôle.

Les agriculteurs sont des entrepreneurs et, malgré les vieux adages, ils ne sont pas réfractaires au changement, dans la mesure où ils voient que l’innovation conduit à de meilleurs rendements et à une moindre dépendance à l’égard des paiements directs.

Les hommes politiques évaluent le crédit politique qu’ils peuvent consacrer à leurs ambitions et cadrent les problèmes en conséquence, soit pour rester au pouvoir, soit pour obtenir des changements durables. Christophe Hansen est l’un et l’autre, ayant grandi dans une famille d’agriculteurs et ayant eu une vie professionnelle dominée par la politique. Il sera difficile d’être les deux à la fois à Bruxelles.

Originally published here

Puzzling pouch priorities of public health

This week Sweden edged closer to officially becoming “smoke free.” According to the World Health Organization, that is a smoking rate lower than 5%. At 5.3%, and on the current trajectory, it’s not a matter of if Sweden becomes smoke free, but when. As one would expect, Sweden is the only country in Europe where lung cancer isn’t at the top of the list for cancer mortality. 

In Canada, by contrast, lung cancer is the leading cancer killer. Canada has set an ambitious target of cutting the amount of smokers to less than 5% by 2035, which would mean going from 4.6 million Canadian smokers in 2022 to fewer than 1.8 million Canadian smokers in 2035. 

A noble goal, then.

However, as anyone who is a smoker and has tried to quit will likely attest, quitting smoking is extremely difficult and not always a case of quitting cold turkey. 

Therefore one way to encourage quitting smoking includes transitioning to products that are less harmful than traditional cigarettes.

Unfortunately however, Ottawa, at every step, has made it harder for smokers trying to quit through a myriad of bad policies.

Take nicotine pouches. Despite the fact that they are 99% less harmful than cigarettes, according to German researchers, Health Minister Mark Holland has restricted available flavours to just mint/menthol, and banned pouches from being sold alongside cigarettes. 

The cognitive dissonance here is rather astounding. In Holland’s view, corner stores can be trusted to sell cigarettes, specifically not selling them to minors, but they can’t be trusted to sell an exponentially less risky product like pouches? There is a long list of former health regulators who agree that these are useful as a quitting tool, including the former head of the U.S. FDA Scott Gotlieb, saying “we have to embrace them and offer adult smokers modified risk products”.

The hypocrisy of course isn’t limited to pouches. It also includes Ottawa’s approach to vaping. 

Ottawa seems hellbent on following through on the promise to ban vape flavours, despite the fact that vaping is 95 per cent less harmful than smoking, according to Public Health England. Their research shows that given its success, public health messaging should encourage smokers to make the switch, not make it harder. 

South of the border, a nationally representative longitudinal study of over 17,000 Americans showed that adults who used flavoured vaping products were 2.3 times more likely to quit smoking cigarettes when compared to vapers who consumed tobacco-flavoured vaping products. Continuing the war on vaping all but ensures Canada will never meet its 5 per cent target by 2030.

And it doesn’t end there either, unfortunately. Heat-not-burn products, which heat tobacco rather than combust it, have been shown to reduce the harm of intoxicants by around 90 per cent when compared to cigarettes.

The USA’s FDA has gone as far as to authorize marketing these products as a product that “significantly reduces the production of harmful and potentially harmful chemicals”.

However, the Canadian government is not making that transition easy for Canadians either. Rather than lend an encouraging hand to those who would like to be a part of their ambitious 2035 goal, the government taxes these products the same way they do traditional cigarettes.

The purported use of “excise stamps” — in actuality a sin tax— on traditional cigarettes is to discourage people from purchasing this harmful product, and of course to raise money for the government. However, if it is proven that heat-not-burn products reduce harm to the smoker and potentially acts as a way for people to transition towards quitting smoking, then the purpose of the tax no longer makes sense.

The current excise sin tax demands a minimum of 50 gram excise stamps. This tax means that tobacco in a twenty-pack of heat-not-burn units which weighs 5.33 grams is taxed the same amount as a package containing 50 grams. That means Canadians are paying this sin tax at nine times more than the regular rate, and three times more than a pack of twenty traditional cigarettes. 

How can Canadians looking to switch to a less harmful product or who wish to quit smoking rationalize such a cost? It would certainly seem to run counter to the Canadian government’s attempt to curb smoking by 2035.

At the end of the day Canada has to make a decision: do we want to follow Sweden’s lead and meet the target we’ve set for ourselves or not? The playbook for success is there, but only if we have the willingness to see what is right in front of us.

Originally published here

Diddy Will Face Justice, but This Legal Tactic Needs Reform

fter Texas trial attorney Tony Buzbee took to a podium in October to reveal he had gathered 120 victims to sue Sean “Puff Daddy” Combs, it unleashed a flood of more allegations against the billionaire rapper and record executive. There are now close to two dozen civil lawsuits pending against Combs in both federal and state courts, along with his criminal indictment for sex trafficking, assault, and a host of other charges that could land him in jail for life.

While the criminal trial will take some time, the civil lawsuits by alleged victims and rockstar lawyer Buzbee will likely bankrupt the “Diddy” empire, owing to their severity and the sheer number of cases making their way through the court system. The blow to Combs will only worsen once a court grants class status to the victims. Rightfully so.

The speed and efficiency by which Buzbee was able to recruit plaintiffs and alleged victims for these cases hinged on an elaborate advertising campaign using targeted Instagram ads and chatbots across the Internet to get more people to come forward. This method of seeking plaintiffs for civil litigation is not new by any means, but it is becoming exponentially more effective in cases brought by lawyers representing those who have been allegedly harmed by companies or individuals. These cases tend to be more categorically frivolous, unlike what’s happening with Diddy

Entire websites and newsletters exist to alert subscribers to dozens of class action lawsuits they can sign up for if they believe they’ve been wronged. One example is a mass tort lawsuit filed against the fintech firm Cash App, after it was revealed a former employee accessed certain accounts without permission.

Rather than adjudicate claims in court, the company chose to offer a settlement of $15 million to anyone who may have been affected. Ads are claiming participants can “automatically” receive up to $2,500 without much proof they were harmed at all, while the attorneys will get 25 percent of the final settlement. The lawyers’ cut could reach $5 million if the court also grants “remedial” relief.

These kinds of cases are the bread and butter of a select class of mass tort litigation lawyers who purposefully seek out high-profile cases. Because lawsuits are routinely expensive and drain the reputations of firms that may or may not have done anything wrong, many companies choose to offer settlements and skip a trial.

And because the United States does not impose a “loser pays” principle on attorneys and parties who file cases, as in other countries, the incentives for cases that go far beyond negligence or any wrongdoing are ripe. Matters are made worse by deceptive advertising claims that artificially increase the size of affected “classes” of victims.

This rigamarole has the effect of elevating many frivolous cases at the expense of ones with real documented harms, forcing companies to beef up legal departments and raise prices to accommodate the threat of future litigation. We all pay a price for this culture where mass tort litigators are also mass advertisers for back-to-back ads on late-night TV.

Between 2017 and 2021, 77 million ads for legal services aired on television to try to recruit potential plaintiffs for cases, costing a total of $6.8 billion.

Much of the seed money that pays for this advertising comes from outside, third-party financiers who have no involvement in the legal issues surrounding the cases. They are hedge funds, university endowments, or other types of money managers who are simply looking for a good return on their investment. In 2021, more than $10 billion in financing capital was distributed from investors to law firms for this very purpose.

This third-party litigation finance boon offers investors a slice of the pie of America’s highly litigious court system, all without checks or balances. And even more so if our airwaves and social media feeds are filled with legal ads.

Luckily, there are some reasonable measures U.S. lawmakers could implement to help slow the runaway train of lawsuits and deceptive ads recruiting for weak cases.

In Florida, West Virginia, and Tennessee, states have clamped down on lawyers making unsubstantiated medical claims in their legal ads, while Louisiana has mandated that lawyers be upfront about the fees they’ll collect from settlements.

In Congress, Rep. Darrell Issa (R-CA) has introduced the Litigation Transparency Act to force disclosure of any third party who stands to financially gain from an outcome in civil trials.

The Federal Trade Commission, for its part, could also refocus its efforts on protecting consumers from deceptive legal advertising, as they have done for fake reviews and scam crypto influencers.

America has a justice system that is the envy of much of the world, so we need to ensure there are safeguards in place to protect us when legitimate harm is done while keeping bad actors at bay. Putting reasonable limits on ads would go a long way.

Originally published here

Peluang Perdagangan Bebas untuk UMKM di Indonesia

Era globalisasi yang semakin pesat saat ini telah membawa perubahan besar bagi kehidupan banyak penduduk dunia di berbagai aspek. Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang semakin pesat, perjalanan internasional yang semakin murah & pesat, serta perdagangan antarnegara yang semakin masif merupakan salah satu dampak dari globalisasi yang semakin berkembang.

Berbagai dampak tersebut tentu membawa pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap kehidupan masyarakat di berbagai belahan dunia. Dengan semakin pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi, kita bisa semakin mudah dan cepat dalam mencari dan mendapatkan berbagai informasi.

Tetapi di sisi lain, tidak sedikit juga sebagian pihak yang menunjukkan sikap negatif dari dampak globalisasi. Dampak globaliasai terhadap perdagangan misalnya, dianggap berpotensi besar akan merugikan banyak pelaku usaha dalam negeri yang harus bersaing dengan berbagai pelaku usaha dari luar.

Untuk itu, tidak sedikit kalangan yang mengadvokasi agar pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan proteksionisme dan pembatasan impor di berbagai sektor. Hal ini dianggap dapat mencegah kerugian yang akan dialami oleh pelaku usaha dalam negeri dari kompetisi dengan perusahaan internasional.

Padahal, adanya perdagangan bebas juga berpotensi mendatangkan banyak manfaat dan kesempatan bagi para pelaku usaha di Indonesia, termasuk juga para pelaku usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM). Dalam hal ini, para pelaku usaha di Indonesia bisa memiliki kesempatan untuk mengakses pasar yang jauh lebih besar dan luas di luar negeri untuk memasarkan produk-produk mereka.

Perjanjian perdagangan bebas antara Indonesia dan Korea Selatan misalnya, telah menandatangani kesepakatan perdagangan bebas. Kesepakatan tersebut tertuang dalam Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IK-CEPA), dan tentunya berpotensi besar membuka ruang yang sangat luas bagi para pelaku usaha di Indonesia.

Disampaikan oleh wakil Menteri perdagangan, perserujuan tersebut dapat meningkatkan peluang para pelaku usaha UMKM untuk meraih pasar di Korea Selatan. Hal ini dikarenakan para pelaku usaha tersebut dapat mengekspor produk mereka ke Korea Selatan dengan tarif nol persen (kemendag.go.id, 17/9/2021).

Melalui perjanjian tersebut, setidaknya ada lebih dari 11 ribu jenis produk Indonesia yang bisa dipasarkan di Korea Selatan dengan tarif nol persen, Dari banyaknya produk tersebut, diprediksi ada berbagai produk dari Indonesia yang berpotensi besar mengalami peningkatan ekspor ke Korea Selatan, diantaranya adalah sepeda, sepeda motor, aksesori sepeda motor, rumput laut, olahan ikan, produk pakaian seperti kaos kaki, dan lain sebagainya (kemendag.go.id, 17/9/2021).

Tidak hanya perdagangan bebas dengan Korea Selatan, Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (ASEAN Economic Community), merupakan sebuah visi besar untuk mendirikan area perdagangan bebas di wilayah Asia Tenggara antara negara-negara ASEAN. Adanya Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN ini memberikan peluang yang besar bagi para pelaku usaha di Indonesia untuk meluaskan pasarnya.

Kepala Pusat Studi ASEAN Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (FISIP) Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) misalnya, mengatakan bahwa UMKM di Indonesia menjalankan peran strategis sebagai aktor utama dalam Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN MEA). Hal ini dikarenakan UMKM di Indonesia berkontribusi terhadap lebih dari 60% produk domestik bruto Indonesia (ugm.ac.id, 30/7/2020).

Melalui MEA, para pelaku usaha di Indonesia akan mendapatkan berbagai manfaat, tidak hanya melalui perluasan akses pasar di dalam pangsa pasar tunggal, tetapi juga transfer teknologi dan juga harmonisasi kebijakan dan standar di berbagai sektor. Adanya hermonisasi kebijakan tentunya juga sangat bermanfaat dalam menarik investasi untuk menanamkan modal yang mereka miliki ke negara kita (asean2023.id, 7/7/2023).

Tidak hanya perdagangan bebas dengan negara-negara Kawasan Asia, adanya perjanjian perdagangan bebas dengan negara-negara di benua lain juga sangat berpotensi membawa manfaat bagi banyak pelaku usaha di Indonesia. Duta BEsar Indonesia untuk Kanada misalnya, menyampaikan bahwa adanya perjanjian perdagangan bebas dapat mempermudah UMKM di Indonesia untuk mengakses pasar Kanada. Tidak hanya Kanada, adanya perjanjian tersebut juga memberikan potensi pada UMKM di Indonesia untuk mengakses pasar negara lain di Amerika Utara, seperti Amerika Serikat (antaranews.com, 24/8/2020).

Bila Indonesia dan Kanada menandatangani perjanjian perdagangan bebas, maka para pelaku usaha di Indonesia bisa lebih bebas dalam memasarkan berbagai produk unggulan mereka seperti alas kaku, produk pakaian, dan perabotan tanpa tarif. Adanya tarif ini tentu menjadi penghalang untuk lebih banyak UMKM di Indonesia bisa memperluas pasar bagi produk-produk mereka di Kanada (antaranews.com, 24/8/2020).

Kisah sukses para pelaku usaha UMKM untuk memasarkan produk-produk mereka ke luar negeri merupakan hal yang tidak sedikit, dan tentunya bisa sangat menginspirasi. Produk mie telur asal kota Sidoardjo misalnya, sudah berhasil menembus pasar luar negeri seperti Arab Saudi, dan juga sudah mendapatkan izin dari lembaga regulator makanan dan obat Amerika Serikat (Food and Drugs Administration) untuk dijual ke negeri Paman Sam tersebut (alamisharia.co.id, 6/4/2023).

UMKM asal Bali, Bandar Mina misalnya, juga merupakan salah satu contoh kisah sukses UMKM Indonesia yang produknya. Berhasil menembus pasar internasional. UMKM tersebut menjual produk-produk ikan kerapu baik yang masih segar atau pun produk olahannya, dan produk-produknya sudah dijual di berbagai negara seperti China, Thailand, Jepang, Korea Selatan, dan Amerika Serikat (alamisharia.co.id, 6/4/2023).

Gendhis Bag, yang memproduksi berbagai jenis tas dari bahan-bahan alami seperti bamboo, rumput laut, dan rotan asal kota Yogyakarta juga merupakan salah satu contoh kisah sukses UMKM di Indonesia dalam menembus pasar internasional. Produk-produk dari UMKM tersebut sudah mencapai berbagai negara seperti Amerika Serikat, Jepang, Malaysia, dan Spanyol (mebiso.com, 2/8/2024).

Beberapa contoh kisah kesuksesan UMKM asal Indonesia di atas tentu hanya segelintir dari banyak kisah sukses lainnya. Bila ada semakin banyak negara atau wilayah regional yang menjalin perdagangan bebas dengan Indonesia, tentu potensi pasar yang bisa dijangkau oleh para pelaku UMKM di Indonesia akan semakin luas. Dengan demikian, usaha-usaha tersebut bisa semakin berkembang dan membuka semakin banyak lapangan pekerjaan untuk masyarakat.

Perdagangan bebas tentu bukan hal yang patut ditakuti apalagi ditolak keras. Melalui perdagangan bebas, seperti di kawasan Asia Tenggara saja misalnya dalam kerangka Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN, terdapat peluang potensi yang sangat besar yang bisa diambil oleh Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan negara penyumbang GDP terbesar di ASEAN, dan berpotensi besar sebagai gerbang bagi perusahaan multinasional yang ingin merambah pasar di Asia Tenggara (hsbc.co.id, 19/6/2024).

Terkait dengan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) misalnya, Indonesia memiliki jumlah UMKM terbesar di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Adanya perdagangan bebas di kawasan ASEAN tentu akan memberikan potensi yang sangat besar bagi para pelaku usaha UMKM tersebut untuk memperluas pasar mereka (liputan6.com, 22/7/2024).

Sebagai penutup, dengan adanya perdagangan bebas, maka bukan hanya konsumen yang mendapatkan manfaat melalui semakin banyak pilihan, tetapi para pelaku usaha dalam negeri juga akan mendapatkan manfaat melalui potensi pasar yang lebih luas. Hal ini tentunya berlaku bukan hanya perdagangan bebas dengan negara-negara mitra di kawasan Asia Tenggara, tetapi juga negara-negara mitra di kawasan belahan dunia lainnya.

Originally published here

Beyond Insulin: The Rise of GLP-1 Drugs in the Fight Against Diabetes

Diabetes currently affects nearly half a billion people worldwide, and that number is projected to increase dramatically with each generation. According to research from the American Diabetes Association and the CDC, by 2060, over 220,000 young people in the U.S. under age 20 are expected to have Type 2 diabetes, marking a roughly 700 percent increase from recent years. This growth highlights the urgency of addressing one of the most significant challenges facing modern healthcare. The economic impact is staggering, with the condition costing the U.S. $412 billion annually and accounting for about 10 percent of global healthcare spending. In the U.S., one in every four healthcare dollars is spent on treating people with diabetes.

The rising prevalence of diabetes has spurred a race for innovative and affordable solutions to manage weight and combat obesity, with Novo Nordisk leading the way. The company, known for its development of Ozempic and Wegovy, is challenging the usual skepticism surrounding pharmaceutical giants. While insulin manufacturers have often faced criticism for high prices and supply issues, recent progress in diabetes care is shifting the narrative, particularly through the development of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1), such as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Eli Lilly’s Mounjaro/Zepbound.

These GLP-1 agonists represent a groundbreaking advancement in diabetes and obesity treatment. Unlike traditional weight loss methods, these medications mimic naturally occurring hormones that regulate appetite, leading to enhanced feelings of fullness and satiety. As a result, people taking these drugs often consume less food and may even experience changes in food preferences, showing reduced cravings for salty, high-fat, sweet, and savory foods. This shift helps make healthier eating habits more attainable for patients, promoting sustainable weight loss.

The benefits of GLP-1 agonists go well beyond weight loss. Research has shown that these medications can significantly reduce the risk of serious conditions such as stroke and heart disease. The FDA recently approved Wegovy for treating severe cardiovascular issues, underscoring the drug’s potential to improve heart health. Furthermore, some studies suggest that GLP-1 agonists may play a role in mitigating cognitive decline, possibly helping to prevent conditions like dementia and Parkinson’s disease. The drugs are also reported to curb addictive behaviors, including alcohol use and gambling, providing a range of therapeutic benefits.

While the current cost of GLP-1 agonists remains high, averaging $12,000 annually per patient in the U.S., growing competition is expected to drive prices down, making these life-changing treatments more accessible. In the long term, the widespread adoption of these medications could help reduce healthcare costs by improving overall population health and decreasing the need for expensive diabetes-related treatments. Lower healthcare spending, even by a few percentage points of GDP, would mark a significant shift toward a healthier, more economically sustainable society.

The potential impact extends beyond healthcare. For instance, companies like United Airlines could see substantial cost savings—around $80 million annually on fuel—if the average passenger’s body weight decreased by just five kilograms. The broader economic benefits further underscore the positive ripple effects of embracing innovative treatments for diabetes and obesity.

Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly are also challenging the longstanding criticism that pharmaceutical companies profit from managing chronic illness rather than curing it. The industry’s recent efforts to develop drugs that not only manage diabetes but also improve overall health represent a significant step forward in addressing complex, widespread conditions. These developments signal a shift toward prioritizing patient outcomes and reflect a broader commitment to transforming the healthcare landscape.

As GLP-1 agonists continue to gain recognition for their versatility and effectiveness, they offer hope for millions of people struggling with diabetes and obesity. This wave of innovation could pave the way for a healthier future, potentially curbing the diabetes epidemic and easing the economic burden it imposes on society.

Originally published here

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