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covid-19 vaccine

Resilience: Prepping for the next virus

Looking at the history of viruses, we would be negligent to think that we can relax and stop worrying about viruses by overcoming the current pandemic

Novel viruses emerge regularly and, in some cases, make it into the human body and potentially causing harm to our health. HIV, Ebola, and SARS were and are just a few new viral threats in the last four decades.

Research on treating the diseases they cause or even finding a vaccine against them has been slow but recently more promising.

Traditionally, it took a few decades from identifying a virus to have an effective vaccine ready to be administered. As an example: Over three decades and $500 billion had to be spent to get close to curing HIV.

All of this dramatically changed with Covid-19.

While Covid-19 poses one of the most devastating public health challenges globally, scientists broke records by finding (multiple) effective vaccines against it within sometimes days and not decades. So while the coranavirus took countless lives, placed billions of people into lockdown, and the global economy in turmoil, there’s a silver lining given the pace of biotechnological innovations protecting us from this threat.

Health systems have several tools on hand to combat a viral threat: Using masks, disinfecting surfaces, social distancing, or applying existing drug treatments to new viruses. But when it comes to creating a general immunity among the population, there’s only one alternative to a large proportion of the population contracting the virus: mass vaccinations.

Thanks to massive advances in gene-editing technology and a deeper understanding of how to utilise messenger RNA to teach the human body to fight viruses, companies like Moderna and BioNTech developed their highly effective vaccines within days. This breakthrough came definitely at the right time and might have reduced the severity and shortened the duration of the pandemic by a significant factor.

Looking at the history of viruses, we would be negligent to think that we can relax and stop worrying about viruses by overcoming the current pandemic. On the contrary, we should utilise the lessons learned in the last year-and-a-half and tweak our regulatory approach to biotech innovations so that these vaccines can make it to patients even faster.

While it took Moderna merely 48 hours to come up with a vaccine, still, it took ten months of regulatory approvals, clinical trials, and other bureaucratic hurdles to overcome before their vaccine could get administered to regular patients. If we look at the lives lost, psychological isolation of people in lockdown, and the economic costs of each day, week, and month between discovering a vaccine and its authorisation, we should ensure to streamline this process as much as possible.

Most existing regulatory frameworks are built on the assumption that it takes at least a decade to develop a vaccine and hence not made for fast and computer simulation-supported development of mRNA vaccines.

A more agile framework would give AI tools and computer predictions a more prominent role to shorten clinical trials. It would also embrace global reciprocity: If one reputable authorisation body has greenlighted a vaccine, patients in other countries should automatically get access to it as well. 

The UAE has recently shown that it approves some of the most innovative medical products as fast or even more quickly than the European Union or the United States.

Reciprocity in vaccine approval facilitates healthy competition among medicines agencies across the world in which pharmaceutical companies run trials and seek approval in those jurisdictions that embrace this agile approach.

Agencies that miss out on this will see fewer trials run in their countries and lose out on attractive biotech investments in their region. Smart regulation will not only create new and booming biotech clusters but also, and even more importantly, allow us to overcome the next pandemic within months and not years. Millions of lives could be saved and billions if not trillions of economic output secured.

Preparing for the next pandemic means developing and embracing a regulatory toolkit that gives as many vaccine developers and manufacturers the air to breathe they need to get these relatively inexpensive lifesavers to the people. The UAE should be at the forefront of this and embrace the most agile vaccine approval framework.

Originally published here.

Wie der Zugang zu Corona-Impfstoffen beschleunigt werden kann

Die Corona-Pandemie hat gezeigt: die Zulassungsverfahren für neue Medikamente sind zu bürokratisch und zu langsam. Abhilfe könnte eine wechselseitige Anerkennung von Zulassungen durch die Behörden schaffen.

Nun also die Deltamutante. Kaum hat sich die Stimmung der Menschen im Gefolge der Corona-Lockerungen gebessert, droht mit der jüngsten Mutation des Corona-Virus ein Rückschlag im Kampf gegen die Pandemie. Dabei war Experten von vornherein klar, dass auch das Corona-Virus mutieren wird. Neuartige Viren tauchen immer wieder auf, mutieren und schaffen es in einigen Fällen, in den menschlichen Körper einzudringen und unserer Gesundheit potenziell zu schaden. 

HIV, Ebola und SARS waren und sind nur einige der neuen viralen Bedrohungen in den letzten vier Jahrzehnten. Die Forschung zur Behandlung der Krankheiten, die sie verursachen, oder sogar zur Entwicklung eines Impfstoffs gegen sie verlief langsam, aber in letzter Zeit immer vielversprechender. In der Vergangenheit dauerte es ein paar Jahrzehnte von der Identifizierung eines Virus bis zur Freigabe eines wirksamen Impfstoffs, der verabreicht werden kann. Ein Beispiel: Über drei Jahrzehnte und 500 Milliarden Dollar mussten aufgewendet werden, um der Heilung von HIV nahe zu kommen. All dies hat sich mit COVID19 dramatisch geändert.

Während COVID19 eine der verheerendsten Herausforderungen für die öffentliche Gesundheit weltweit darstellt, brachen Wissenschaftler Rekorde, indem sie (mehrere) wirksame Impfstoffe innerhalb von manchmal Tagen und nicht Jahrzehnten fanden. Während also das Coranavirus zahllose Menschenleben forderte, Milliarden von Menschen einschloss und die Weltwirtschaft in Aufruhr versetzte, gibt es angesichts des Tempos biotechnologischer Innovationen, die uns vor dieser Bedrohung schützen, auch einen Hoffnunsschimmer am Horizont.

Bürokratische Hürden

Gesundheitssysteme haben mehrere Werkzeuge zur Hand, um eine virale Bedrohung zu bekämpfen: Die Verwendung von Masken, die Desinfektion von Oberflächen, soziale Distanzierung oder die Anwendung bestehender medikamentöser Behandlungen gegen neue Viren. Aber wenn es darum geht, eine allgemeine Immunität in der Bevölkerung zu schaffen, gibt es nur eine Option: Massenimpfungen.

Dank massiver Fortschritte in der Gen-Editing-Technologie und einem tieferen Verständnis dafür, wie man Boten-RNA nutzen kann, um dem menschlichen Körper beizubringen, Viren zu bekämpfen, haben Unternehmen wie Moderna und BioNTech innerhalb weniger Tage ihre hochwirksamen Impfstoffe entwickelt. Dieser Durchbruch kam definitiv zur richtigen Zeit und könnte die Schwere und Dauer der Pandemie bedeutend reduziert haben.

Mit Blick auf die Geschichte der Viren wäre es fahrlässig zu glauben, dass wir uns mit der Überwindung der aktuellen Pandemie entspannen und aufhören können, uns um Viren zu sorgen. Im Gegenteil, wir sollten die Lehren aus den letzten anderthalb Jahren nutzen und unseren regulatorischen Ansatz für biotechnologische Innovationen optimieren, damit diese Impfstoffe noch schneller zu den Patienten gelangen können.

Während Moderna nur 48 Stunden brauchte, um einen Impfstoff zu entwickeln, gingen dennoch zehn Monate mit behördlichen Genehmigungen, klinischen Studien und anderen bürokratischen Hürden ins Land, bevor der Impfstoff regulären Patienten verabreicht werden konnte. Wenn wir uns die verlorenen Menschenleben, die psychologische Isolation der eingeschlossenen Menschen und die wirtschaftlichen Kosten jeden Tages, jeder Woche und jeden Monats zwischen der Entdeckung eines Impfstoffs und seiner Zulassung ansehen, sollten wir alles tun, um diesen Prozess so weit wie möglich zu straffen. 

Schnellere Zulassung durch Reziprozität

Die meisten bestehenden regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen basieren auf der Annahme, dass es mindestens ein Jahrzehnt dauert, einen Impfstoff zu entwickeln und sind daher nicht für die schnelle und computersimulationsgestützte Entwicklung von mRNA-Impfstoffen gemacht. Ein agileres Rahmenwerk würde KI-Tools und Computer-Vorhersagen eine prominentere Rolle einräumen, um klinische Studien zu verkürzen. Es würde auch eine globale Reziprozität beinhalten: Wenn eine seriöse Zulassungsbehörde grünes Licht für einen Impfstoff gegeben hat, sollten Patienten in anderen Ländern automatisch auch Zugang erhalten. 

Reziprozität bei der Impfstoffzulassung erleichtert einen gesunden Wettbewerb zwischen den Arzneimittelbehörden auf der ganzen Welt, in dem pharmazeutische Unternehmen Studien durchführen und die Zulassung in jenen Ländern beantragen, die diesen agilen Ansatz unterstützen. Regierungen, die dies verpassen, werden weniger Studien in ihren Ländern sehen und attraktive Biotech-Investitionen in ihrer Region verlieren. Eine intelligente Regulierung wird nicht nur neue und boomende Biotech-Cluster schaffen, sondern auch, und das ist noch wichtiger, es uns ermöglichen, die nächste Pandemie innerhalb von Monaten und nicht Jahren zu überwinden. Millionen von Leben könnten gerettet und Milliarden, wenn nicht Billionen an Wirtschaftsleistung gesichert werden.

Sich auf die nächste Pandemie vorzubereiten, bedeutet, ein regulatorisches Instrumentarium zu entwickeln, das Impfstoffentwicklern und -herstellern die Luft zum Atmen gibt, die sie brauchen, um diese relativ preiswerten Lebensretter zu den Menschen zu bringen.

Originally published here.

UAE ranked second most resilient nation globally for Covid-19 response

The UAE was named as the second most resilient country in the world following Israel, for its response to the Covid-19 pandemic, according to the Pandemic Resilience Index 2021 which was compiled by the Consumer Choice Centre (CCC), a non-profit organization representing the rights of consumers in more than 100 countries.

The CCC report, using data available on March 31, aimed to provide an overview of global health system preparedness for the Covid-19 crisis.

It singled out the UAE for performing significantly better than EU countries with its vaccination rollout, despite starting just 10 days earlier.

“The UAE is a country that managed to quickly kick off its vaccination program which saw more than 50 percent of its population vaccinated. Its extensive testing also tops the ranking,” said the report’s authors, Fred Roeder, CCC managing director and CCC research manager Maria Chaplia.

They highlighted the UAE’s Covid-19 testing average of 8.29 per 1,000 people each day was third to Cyprus and Luxembourg, and well ahead of countries such as Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary, France and Italy.

“The pandemic has put health systems globally to an emergency test and exposed both their strong and weak sides,” the report said.

“In particular, that concerns hospital capacity, planning abilities, and the existence of a regulatory system that is able to act fast and efficiently when it comes to testing and vaccination.”

The report measured 40 countries on “vaccination approval, its drive, and time lags that have put brakes on it, critical care bed capacity, and mass testing”.

Israel and the UAE were the only two countries to be given the top rating, ahead of the US, the UK and Germany, who were rated as being “above average”.

The country with the lowest score was Ukraine, with New Zealand also named in the lowest section.

“Countries that started testing and then vaccinating as soon as possible, and who had sufficient, or close to sufficient, intensive care bed capacity, managed to better contain [the] coronavirus,” the report said.

Originally published here.

UAE hailed world’s 2nd most resilient country for its COVID response — report

For its proactive approach towards vaccination programme, in-depth planning and timely intervention, the UAE has been named the second most resilient country in the world for its Covid-19 pandemic response in the Pandemic Resilience Index 2021. 

Israel ranked higher in the report compiled by the Consumer Choice Centre (CCC), a non-profit organisation representing the rights of consumers in more than 100 countries.

The UAE topped the charts for its impressive performance, leaving behind even EU nations, with its vaccination rollout, despite starting just 10 days earlier. 

Israel and the UAE were the only two countries to be given the top rating, leaving behind the US, the UK and Germany, who were rated as being “above average”.

The CCC report has collated the data available on March 31, to give an overview of how prepared health systems have been globally in handling the pandemic.

“The UAE is a country that managed to quickly kick off its vaccination programme which saw more than 50 per cent of its population vaccinated. Its extensive testing also tops the ranking,” said the report’s authors, Fred Roeder, CCC managing director and CCC research manager Maria Chaplia.

The report also highlighted that the UAE’s Covid-19 testing average of 8.29 per 1,000 people each day was third to Cyprus and Luxembourg, and well ahead of countries such as Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary, France and Italy.

“The pandemic has put health systems globally to an emergency test and exposed both their strong and weak sides,” the report said.

The report surveyed 40 countries on various parameters including “vaccination approval, its drive, and time lags that have put brakes on it, critical care bed capacity, and mass testing”.

Ukraine followed by New Zealand got the lowest score in the report.

Originally published here.

Revealed: How the UAE compares globally for pandemic resilience

The Pandemic Resilience Index ranked 40 countries on vaccination drives, critical care bed capacity and mass testing

The UAE has been listed as the second-most pandemic resilient country globally in a new report.

The Pandemic Resilience Index ranked 40 countries on factors including vaccination approval dates, vaccination drives, critical care bed capacity and mass testing.

The study – conducted by advocacy group Consumer Choice Centre (CCC) – aims to provide an overview of global health system preparedness for the Covid crisis.

Israel topped the list, followed by the UAE, the US, UK and Bahrain, respectively. Ukraine rolled in last at number 41.

The report factored in the number of Covid vaccines doses administered per 100 people as per March 31. Israel led the charge with 115.98 percent, followed by the UAE (81.1 percent) and the UK (52.53).

As of May 13, The UAE Ministry of Health and Prevention announced that the total number of doses provided stands at 11,422,565 with a rate of vaccine distribution of 115.49 doses per 100 people.

The index also factored in the number of daily tests per country. The UAE topped the league for daily Covid testing, averaging 8.29 per 1,000 people daily.

“The UAE is a country that managed to quickly kick off its vaccination campaign, vaccinated over 50 percent of its population [by March 31] and has carried out extensive testing – which is why it performed so well in the index,” said Fred Roeder, managing director, CCC.

The UAE commenced its vaccination rollout around 10 days earlier than most of the European Union but its performance has been “significantly” better, he said.

The UAE has one of the lowest numbers of hospital ICUs per capita, but with an average of over eight daily new Covid tests per thousand people, the country stands out on testing and is markedly ahead of countries such as Germany, Czech Republic, Hungary, France, Lithuania and Italy.

“The pandemic has put global health systems to an emergency test and exposed both their strengths and weaknesses,” said Roeder. “In particular, this concerns hospital capacity, planning abilities, and the existence of a regulatory system that is able to act fast and efficiently when it comes to testing and vaccination, among other things.”

The UAE maintains excellent collaborative links between its private and public health sectors, which allowed for fast execution amid a pandemic, said Roeder.

“The UAE has demonstrated that it has a smart government. Both Israel and the UAE have proved themselves to be agile countries that were quick to respond and planned the pandemic to the end,” he said, adding that the UAE offered a “role model” to European countries.

“The UAE is a forward looking country. Policy makers across the world would do well to look at the UAE’s success in tackling the Covid pandemic,” he said.

Originally published here.

Canada should block a patent waiver for COVID vaccines

Granting a one-time waiver creates dangerous precedent of nullifying IP rights, jeopardizing future innovation and lives of literally billions of virus victims

Global Affairs Canada still has not come to a decision on whether to support an intellectual property rights waiver for COVID-19 vaccines. Canada, along with the U.S., EU, U.K., Switzerland, Japan, Norway, Australia and Brazil, have all delayed deciding on the “TRIPS waiver” put forward by India and South Africa last year. TRIPS is the “Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights” part of the WTO.

India and South Africa are supported by a coalition including Doctors Without Borders, Human Rights Watch, and World Health Organization Secretary-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. Their argument in favour of the waiver is simple: it would remove the legal barriers that prevent developing countries from producing their own vaccines with the technology developed by vaccine firms.

Waiver supporters argue that because COVID represents such a global threat and because the vaccines have now been developed, low and middle-income countries should be allowed to manufacture them on their own — those that have the technology and human capital to do so, that is.

Although the goal of increasing vaccine availability in the developing world is both noble and attainable, an IP waiver is a bad way to go about achieving it. Nullifying IP rights destroys the bedrock of what makes medical innovation possible. Intellectual property rights are protections that help foster innovation and provide legal certainty to innovators so they can profit from and fund their efforts. A weakening of IP rules would actively hurt everyone who depends on innovative medicines and vaccines, including the world’s most vulnerable.

If the cost of researching and producing a COVID vaccine is $1 billion, with no guarantee of success, there are relatively few biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies that can stomach that cost. In the case of COVID, considering the specialized knowledge needed to develop these vaccines and the cold storage infrastructure required to distribute some of them, it seems implausible that they could have been developed without the traditional procurement contracts we’ve seen in North America.

BioNTech, the German company headed by the husband-wife team of Uğur Şahin and Özlem Türeci that partnered with Pfizer for trials and distribution of their mRNA vaccine, was originally founded to try to develop ways of using mRNA techniques to cure cancer. Before the pandemic, it took on massive debt and scrambled to fund its research. Once the pandemic began, it pivoted its operations and produced one of the first mRNA COVID vaccines, which hundreds of millions of people have received.

Originally published here.

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